Improvement of the model of forecasting heavy metals of exhaust gases of motor vehicles in the soil

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.175892

Keywords:

road transport, fuel, petrol, exhaust gases, heavy metals, soil, pollution forecasting

Abstract

Consideration of the problem of modeling the penetration of heavy metals of exhaust gases of automobile engines is carried out for the soil with permeability coefficient cp and diffusion coefficient D. As a result of mathematical modeling, an exponential equation is obtained, the input variables for which are the surface concentration of harmful components c, permeability coefficient cp, diffusion coefficient D and soil depth l. The output variables for the obtained exponential equation is the concentration of harmful components C1 at a depth l.

According to the obtained equation, the depth of penetration of heavy metals into the soil – l is theoretically investigated, depending on the surface concentration с1˂с2 and at constant ratio cp/D. As a result, the penetration depth of heavy metals increases, which is due to an increase in the driving force of the diffusion process. Having studied the effect of an increase in the cp/D ratio on the penetration depth of heavy metals into the soil at constant surface concentrations c1 and c2, a decrease in their penetration depth is found, which is due to a decrease in the diffusion process.

The obtained theoretical results are confirmed by experimental studies of the depth of penetration of heavy metals – exhaust gases of the ZMZ-511.10 petrol engine into the soil. It is found that the content of heavy metals in the soil at an arbitrary depth corresponds to theoretical calculations, and the discrepancy is within the measurement error. When measuring the lead concentration, the discrepancy is within 12.5–15 %, zinc 5.5–7.5 %, manganese 8.5–11 %. So, the concentrations of heavy metals, measured at arbitrary depths, are 0.1 and 0.2 m for lead; 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 m for zinc; 0.1; 0.2 and 0.25 m for manganese. This indicates the validity of the results obtained by the exponential equation. Therefore, the proposed model provides high accuracy in determining the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and can be used for forecasting their penetration depth if the surface concentration is known

Author Biographies

Sviatoslav Kryshtopa, National Transport University Mykhailа Emelyanovicha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Department of Automechanical

Nadvirna College

Vasyl Melnyk, National Transport University Mykhailа Emelyanovicha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Automechanical

Nadvirna College

Bogdan Dolishnii, National Transport University Mykhailа Emelyanovicha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Automechanical

Nadvirna College

Volodymyr Korohodskyi, Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University Yaroslava Mudroho str., 25, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Department of Internal Combustion Engines

Igor Prunko, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Karpatska str., 15, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, 76019

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Motor Transport

Liudmyla Kryshtopa, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Karpatska str., 15, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, 76019

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Higher Mathematics

Ihor Zakhara, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Karpatska str., 15, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, 76019

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Motor Transport

Tetiana Voitsekhivska, Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas Karpatska str., 15, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, 76019

Assistant

Department of Motor Transport

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Published

2019-08-15

How to Cite

Kryshtopa, S., Melnyk, V., Dolishnii, B., Korohodskyi, V., Prunko, I., Kryshtopa, L., Zakhara, I., & Voitsekhivska, T. (2019). Improvement of the model of forecasting heavy metals of exhaust gases of motor vehicles in the soil. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 4(10 (100), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.175892

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 10 (100) (2019): Ecology

Section

Ecology

License

Copyright (c) 2019 Sviatoslav Kryshtopa, Vasyl Melnyk, Bogdan Dolishnii, Volodymyr Korohodskyi, Igor Prunko, Liudmyla Kryshtopa, Ihor Zakhara, Tetiana Voitsekhivska

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