Development of theoretical foundations for the hot metal desulfurization with magnesium reduced by the heat from exothermal transformations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.185227Keywords:
out-of-furnace hot metal treatment, desulfurization, magnesium oxide, alumothermia, complex oxides, exothermic mixtureAbstract
The process of hot metal desulfurization by magnesium, reduced by the heat from exothermic reactions, has been investigated. Our research into the thermodynamics of magnesium oxide reduction in line with various protocols has established that it is in principle possible to reduce magnesium oxide by carbon, silicon, manganese, iron, and aluminum. We have calculated starting temperatures for MgO reduction by iron, manganese, silicon, aluminum, and carbon, which are 2,956, 2,546, 2,313, 1,585 and 1,875 °C, respectively. It has been determined that the most rational method to reduce magnesium oxide is the process based on binding the products of reduction into a CaAl2O4 compound.
Based on the established rational conditions for magnesium oxide reduction, the exothermic mixture for hot metal desulfurization was calculated, %: MgO – 15.0; FeO – 56.0; CaO – 7.0; Al – 22.0. Experimental study has confirmed the most successful technical solution for the introduction of the calculated exothermic mixture to the melt aimed at desulfurization, which implies the application of a device for the introduction of active reagents into the melt, which is equipped with a chamber that collapses under the influence of the heat of liquid hot metal. Its use makes it possible to achieve the mean level of desulfurization of 65–70 %. We have performed, under industrial conditions, an experimental desulfurization of chromium hot metal using the designed exothermic mixture. According to the research conducted, the achieved degree of hot metal desulfurization in a ladle was at the level of 38 %; for the material of castings ‒ at the level of 45.7 %. Thus, there is a reason to argue about resource and energy savings when applying the proposed technology for the out-of-furnace hot metal desulfurization by reduced magnesiumReferences
- Oktay, E., Fruehan, R. J. (1995). On the hot metal desulfurization. Steel Research, 66 (3), 93–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.199501093
- Desulphurization of Hot Metal. Available at: https://www.ispatguru.com/desulphurization-of-hot-metal/
- Dyudkin, D. A., Grinberg, S. E., Marintsev, S. N. (2011). Mechanism of the desulfurization of pig iron by granulated magnesium. Metallurgist, 45 (3-4), 150–155. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010520628001
- Zborshchik, A. M., Kuberskii, S. V., Dovgalyuk, G. Y., Vinnik, K. V. (2011). Effectiveness of fluidized lime in the desulfurization of hot metal in 300-t casting ladles. Steel in Translation, 41 (9), 741–744. doi: https://doi.org/10.3103/s096709121109021x
- Chen, Y., Liang, X. T., Zeng, J. H., Li, G. J., Huang, Z. H. (2012). The Analysis of Magnesium Compound Desulfurizer and Compound Desulfurizer in PANGANG. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 217-219, 428–432. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.428
- Liu, Q., Pielet, H., Kaushik, P., Chukwulebe, B. (2009). An investigation of hot metal desulfurization by Mg. Iron and Steel Technology, 1, 821–828.
- Lindström, D., Sichen, D. (2014). Kinetic Study on Desulfurization of Hot Metal Using CaO and CaC2. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 46 (1), 83–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-014-0195-8
- Vuolio, T., Visuri, V., Sorsa, A., Paananen, T., Fabritius, T. (2019). Genetic Algorithm‐Based Variable Selection in Prediction of Hot Metal Desulfurization Kinetics. Steel Research International, 90 (8), 1900090. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201900090
- Lindström, D., Nortier, P., Sichen, D. (2013). Functions of Mg and Mg-CaO Mixtures in Hot Metal Desulfurization. Steel Research International, 85 (1), 76–88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201300071
- Diao, J., Xie, B., Wang, S. S. (2009). Research on slag modifying agents for CaO–Mg based hot metal desulphurisation. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 36 (7), 543–547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1179/174328109x445642
- Grillo, F. F., Coleti, J. L., Oliveira, J. R. de, Junca, E., Deike, R., Espinosa, D. C. R. (2017). Development of Synthetic Slag with Marble Waste and Calcium Aluminate Agents for Cast Iron Desulfurization. Materials Research, 20 (5), 1230–1237. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0834
- Sun, H., Liu, Y.-C., Lu, M.-J. (2009). Behaviour of Ar‐1%Mg Bubbles in Desulfurization of Hot Metal by Magnesium Injection. Steel research international, 80 (3), 209–217.
- Sun, H., Liu, Y.-C., Lu, M.-J. (2012). Process simulation of hot metal desulphurization by magnesium injection. SCANMET IV, 4th International Conference on Process Development in Iron and Steelmaking, Vol. 2. Lulea, 207–216.
- Shao, P., Zhang, T., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y. (2014). Numerical Simulation on Gas-liquid Flow in Mechanical-Gas Injection Coupled Stirred System. ISIJ International, 54 (7), 1507–1516. doi: https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.1507
- Markov, O. E., Gerasimenko, O. V., Kukhar, V. V., Abdulov, O. R., Ragulina, N. V. (2019). Computational and experimental modeling of new forging ingots with a directional solidification: the relative heights of 1.1. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 41 (8). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1810-z
- Markov, O. E., Gerasimenko, O. V., Shapoval, A. A., Abdulov, O. R., Zhytnikov, R. U. (2019). Computerized simulation of shortened ingots with a controlled crystallization for manufacturing of high-quality forgings. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 103 (5-8), 3057–3065. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-019-03749-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Lavr Molchanov, Yevhen Synehin, Svitlana Zhuravlova, Kostiantyn Niziaiev
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.
