Analyzing the causes of crack formation in porcelain and the ways to eliminate them

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.204173

Keywords:

slip, grinding, quartz, water absorption, firing, porcelain, cracking, strength, sintering, shrinkage

Abstract

The studies deal with the porcelain products produced by casting finely-dispersed slips into gypsum molds. The causes of the occurrence of cracks on the edges of products after bisque and glazed firing were established and the ways of their elimination were proposed.

As a result of the comprehensive research into the basic ceramic mass of the assigned composition and products from it, a series of the technological factors that cause cracking were determined.

Determining the fineness of grinding of production slips of various batches showed that the residue on sieve No. 0063 ranged from 0.7 to 3.5 %. The direct correlation between the occurrence of cracks in products and an elevated indicator of the residue that contributed to the stratification of a ceramic slip in the process of settling in gypsum molds was established. This led to the emergence of internal stresses in the structure of a potsherd. It was established that another factor that caused cracking of products was the existence in the composition of the ceramic mass of large quartz grains, which in the heating-cooling process are capable of modification transformations. In addition, the low temperature of bisque firing did not contribute to the completion of the process of dehydration of clay and mica minerals, which strengthened the internal stresses in a potsherd.

The research revealed that to ensure qualitative indicators of ceramic products, it is necessary not only to control the residue on a sieve but also to take into consideration the distribution of the fractional composition of a ceramic slip, while the content of the quartz component of 30–63 µm should not exceed 12 % by weight. This contributes to the formation of a dense homogeneous potsherd with a high content of a mullite phase.

As a result of the research, it was also proposed to change the temperature of bisque firing from 660 to 800 °C. It is at this temperature that the processes of dehydration of layered silicates are completed and the shrinkage processes are stabilized.

The obtained results can be applied at the typical production of household products from low-temperature porcelain

Author Biographies

Olena Khomenko, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology Gagarina ave., 8, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49005

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Chemical Technology of Ceramics and Glass

Borys Datsenko, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture Vozdukhoflotsky ave., 31, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03037

PhD, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher

Department of Commodity Science and Commercial Activity in Construction

Olga Hurzhii, Dnipropetrovsk Scientific Research Forensic Center Budivelnyi dead end, 1, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49033

PhD

Laboratory of Study of Materials, Substances and Products

Lidiia Savchenko, Sumy National Agrarian University Herasyma Kondratieva str., 160, Sumy, Ukraine, 40021

Senior Lecturer

Department of Architecture and Engineering Researches

Oleksandr Savchenko, Sumy National Agrarian University Herasyma Kondratieva str., 160, Sumy, Ukraine, 40021

PhD, Senior Lecturer

Department of Building Structures

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Published

2020-06-30

How to Cite

Khomenko, O., Datsenko, B., Hurzhii, O., Savchenko, L., & Savchenko, O. (2020). Analyzing the causes of crack formation in porcelain and the ways to eliminate them. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3(6 (105), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.204173

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 6 (105) (2020): Technology organic and inorganic substances

Section

Technology organic and inorganic substances

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Copyright (c) 2020 Olena Khomenko, Borys Datsenko, Olga Hurzhii, Lidiia Savchenko, Oleksandr Savchenko

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