Establishing the regularities of correlation between ambient temperature and fuel consumption by city diesel buses

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.220257

Keywords:

fuel consumption, ambient temperature, city diesel buses, experimental data

Abstract

Motor transport is the main consumer of energy resources in most countries. Atmospheric conditions, along with the vehicle design, its technical condition, driver's skill, road, and transport conditions significantly affect fuel consumption. However, in mathematical modeling, they are often taken into account by average values which can affect the accuracy of the results.

The nature of the relationship between ambient temperature and fuel consumption by city diesel buses was established on the basis of experimental and analytical studies. According to the results of the analysis of experimental data, it was found that this relationship is described by polynomial regressions of the second order. The accuracy of the regression model was confirmed by Fisher's test for two city routes.

Analytical studies of the effect of air density, rolling resistance, transmission efficiency, and all three factors together on fuel consumption were performed using mathematical modeling using the Physical Emission Rate Estimator methodology. It was found that rolling resistance and transmission efficiency have the greatest impact on fuel consumption. In both cases, the difference between the highest and lowest estimated value was 2.5 %. However, in absolute units, the difference is greater by 0.2 l/100 km for rolling resistance.

The obtained results can be used in mathematical models of vehicle movement, in particular city buses, to take into account the dynamics of changes in fuel consumption depending on the ambient temperature. They will also be useful in mathematical models for determining harmful emissions to calculate fuel consumption at various ambient temperatures

Author Biographies

Danylo Savostin-Kosiak, National Transport University M. Omelianovycha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

PhD

Department of Motor Vehicle Maintenance and Service

Maksymilian Madziel, Rzeszow University of Technology Aleja Powstancow Warszawy, 12, Rzeszow, Poland, 35-959

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Motor Vehicles and Transport Engineering

Artur Jaworski, Rzeszow University of Technology Aleja Powstancow Warszawy, 12, Rzeszow, Poland, 35-959

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Motor Vehicles and Transport Engineering

Oleksandr Ivanushko, National Transport University M. Omelianovycha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

Senior Lecturer

Department of Motor Vehicle Maintenance and Service

Mykola Tsiuman, National Transport University M. Omelianovycha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Engines and Thermal Engineering

Andrii Loboda, National Transport University M. Omelianovycha-Pavlenka str., 1, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01010

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Motor Vehicle Maintenance and Service

References

  1. Passenger transport statistics. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Passenger_transport_statistics
  2. Enerhetychnyi balans Ukrainy. Sait Derzhavnoi sluzhby statystyky Ukrainy. Available at: http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2012/energ/en_bal/arh_2012.htm
  3. Energy, transport and environment statistics (2019). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. doi: http://doi.org/10.2785/660147
  4. Complete energy balances. Available at: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nrg_bal_c&lang=en
  5. Fontaras, G., Zacharof, N.-G., Ciuffo, B. (2017). Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe – Laboratory versus real-world emissions. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 60, 97–131. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2016.12.004
  6. Tsokolis, D., Tsiakmakis, S., Dimaratos, A., Fontaras, G., Pistikopoulos, P., Ciuffo, B., Samaras, Z. (2016). Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of passenger cars over the New Worldwide Harmonized Test Protocol. Applied Energy, 179, 1152–1165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.091
  7. Soares, S. M. C., Sodre, J. R. (2002). Effects of atmospheric temperature and pressure on the performance of a vehicle. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 216 (6), 473–477. doi: https://doi.org/10.1243/09544070260137499
  8. Nam, E. K., Giannelli, R. (2005). Fuel Consumption Modeling of Conventional and Advanced Technology Vehicles in the Physical Emission Rate Estimator (PERE). EPA document number: 420-P-05-001. Available at: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P1001D6I.pdf
  9. MOVES2014a User Guide. Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2015). EPA document number: EPA-420-B-15-095. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Available at: https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=P100NNCY.pdf
  10. Normy vytrat palyva i mastylnykh materialiv na avtomobilnomu transporti. Tretia redaktsiya (2012). Kyiv: I Vydavnytstvo NVTs «InformAvtoDor».
  11. Esteban, B., Riba, J.-R., Baquero, G., Rius, A., Puig, R. (2012). Temperature dependence of density and viscosity of vegetable oils. Biomass and Bioenergy, 42, 164–171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.03.007
  12. Sakhno, V. P., Kostenko, A. V., Zahorodnov, M. I. et. al. (2014). Ekspluatatsiini vlastyvosti avtotransportnykh zasobiv. Ch. 1. Dynamichnist ta palyvna ekonomichnist avtotransportnykh zasobiv. Donetsk: Noulidzh.
  13. Aladayleh, W., Alahmer, A. (2015). Recovery of Exhaust Waste Heat for ICE Using the Beta Type Stirling Engine. Journal of Energy, 2015, 1–8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/495418
  14. Luján, J. M., Climent, H., Ruiz, S., Moratal, A. (2018). Influence of ambient temperature on diesel engine raw pollutants and fuel consumption in different driving cycles. International Journal of Engine Research, 20 (8-9), 877–888. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087418792353
  15. Lee, M.-Y., Lee, G.-S., Kim, C.-J., Seo, J.-H., Kim, K.-H. (2018). Macroscopic and Microscopic Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Gasoline in a Constant Volume Chamber. Energies, 11 (8), 2056. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082056
  16. Kolosiuk, D. S., Zerkalov, D. V. (2003). Ekspluatatsiyni materialy. Kyiv: Aristei.
  17. Nanba, S., Iijima, A., Shoji, H., Yoshida, K. (2011). A Study on Influence of Forced Over Cooling on Diesel Engine Performance. SAE Technical Paper. doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-32-0605
  18. Celik, A., Yilmaz, M., Yildiz, O. F. (2020). Improvement of diesel engine startability under low temperatures by vortex tubes. Energy Reports, 6, 17–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.11.027
  19. Yan, J. (Ed.) (2015). Handbook of Clean Energy Systems. 6 Volume Set. Wiley, 4032.
  20. Li, H., Andrews, G. E., Zhu, G., Daham, B., Bell, M., Tate, J., Ropkins, K. (2005). Impact of Ambient Temperatures on Exhaust Thermal Characteristics during Cold Start for Real World SI Car Urban Driving Tests. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3896
  21. Hydrodynamic couplings. Principles. Features. Benefits (2015). Voith Turbo GmbH & Co. KG, Germany: Crailsheim.
  22. Vickerman, R. J., Streck, K., Schiferl, E., Gajanayake, A. (2009). The Effect of Viscosity Index on the Efficiency of Transmission Lubricants. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 2 (2), 20–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2632
  23. Ejsmont, J., Taryma, S., Ronowski, G., Świeczko-Żurek, B. (2015). Parameters influencing rolling resistance and possible correction procedures. Vienna: AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH.
  24. Samuel, M. B., Felix, P., Miguel, Y. N., Cyrille, T. S., Talla, P. K. (2020). Study and simulation of the fuel consumption of a vehicle with respect to ambient temperature and weather conditions. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 7 (1), 24–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i1.2020.480
  25. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Manual of the ICAO standard atmosphere calculations (1996). Langley Aeronautical Lab.; Langley Field, VA, United States.
  26. Lohse-Busch, H., Duoba, M., Rask, E., Stutenberg, K., Gowri, V., Slezak, L., Anderson, D. (2013). Ambient Temperature (20°F, 72°F and 95°F) Impact on Fuel and Energy Consumption for Several Conventional Vehicles, Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Battery Electric Vehicle. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1462
  27. Wang, J. M., Jeong, C.-H., Zimmerman, N., Healy, R. M., Hilker, N., Evans, G. J. (2017). Real-World Emission of Particles from Vehicles: Volatility and the Effects of Ambient Temperature. Environmental Science & Technology, 51 (7), 4081–4090. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b05328
  28. Jaworski, A., Mądziel, M., Lejda, K. (2019). Creating an emission model based on portable emission measurement system for the purpose of a roundabout. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 (21), 21641–21654. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05264-1
  29. Bielaczyc, P., Szczotka, A., Woodburn, J. (2011). The effect of a low ambient temperature on the cold-start emissions and fuel consumption of passenger cars. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 225 (9), 1253–1264. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407011406613
  30. Lee, Y. K., Park, J. I., Lee, J. H. (2014). Analysis of the effect of cold start on fuel economy of gasoline automatic transmission vehicle. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 15 (5), 709–714. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-014-0073-z
  31. Gritsuk, I., Volkov, V., Mateichyk, V., Gutarevych, Y., Tsiuman, M., Goridko, N. (2017). The Evaluation of Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Harmful Emission Using the Heating System in a Driving Cycle. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 10 (1), 236–248. doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2017-26-0364
  32. Gritsuk, I. V., Mateichyk, V., Tsiuman, M., Gutarevych, Y., Smieszek, M., Goridko, N. (2018). Reducing Harmful Emissions of the Vehicular Engine by Rapid After-Start Heating of the Catalytic Converter Using Thermal Accumulator. SAE Technical Paper Series. doi: https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0784
  33. Rahimi-Gorji, M., Ghajar, M., Kakaee, A.-H., Domiri Ganji, D. (2016). Modeling of the air conditions effects on the power and fuel consumption of the SI engine using neural networks and regression. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 39 (2), 375–384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0539-1
  34. Shchitov, S. V., Krivuca, Z. F. (2014). Influence of Ambient Air Temperature on the Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30 (3), 362–365. Available at: https://idosi.org/wasj/wasj30(3)14/17.pdf
  35. Bilichenko, V. V., Pidhaiets, V. V., Tkachenko, M. M. (2012). Vplyv temperatury povitria na vytratu palyva avtomobiliv. Mizhvuzivskyi zbirnyk "Naukovi Notatky", 37, 27–30. Available at: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nn_2012_37_7
  36. Anisimov, I., Ivanov, A., Chikishev, E., Chainikov, D., Reznik, L., Gavaev, A. (2017). Assessment of adaptability of natural gas vehicles by the constructive analogy method. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 12 (06), 1006–1017. doi: https://doi.org/10.2495/sdp-v12-n6-1006-1017

Downloads

Published

2020-12-31

How to Cite

Savostin-Kosiak, D., Madziel, M., Jaworski, A., Ivanushko, O., Tsiuman, M., & Loboda, A. (2020). Establishing the regularities of correlation between ambient temperature and fuel consumption by city diesel buses. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6(3 (108), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.220257

Issue

Section

Control processes