Taking into account springing in art forging of volute products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.42.2021.240578Keywords:
springing, volute, bending radius, bending angle, exponential functionAbstract
The article shows that bending of volutes consists of two stages. At the stage of loading there is an elastic and plastic deformation of the workpiece. Elastic deformation is described by a linear function (Hooke’s law), plastic deformation is described by an exponential function of strain stress in the workpiece. In the second stage of bending a partial restoration of the original shape of the workpiece takes place. For a volute in the form of an Archimedes spiral, which is conditionally divided into 5 sections, an algorithm for calculating the increase in radii and bending angles of each section has been given. Calculations show that the springing is more intense, the greater is the ratio of bending radius to thickness for each section of the volute, and the higher is the strength properties of steels, as well as their tendency to harden during deformation, which is determined by the coefficients of an exponential function. Even small additions of silicon, in 09Г2С and 09Г2 steels, increase the strength of the first steel and its springing when bending all parts of the volute. For 08Х22Н6Т stainless steel the increase in a bending radius in 3,5-4 times more, than for other steels. In addition, the bending force increases significantly. Therefore, volutes from steel 08Х22Н6Т are not made in a cold condition as a rule. Significant springing occurs when the bending radii and thickness differ by almost an order of magnitude. The results of the calculations were experimentally verified on 08Х22Н6Т and 10 steel billets with a square side in the cross section of 2, 4 and 8 mm. The graphs show that the relative springing of the workpieces made of 08Х22Н6T steel is higher than that of steel 10 for sections of the volute with a minimum bending radius of 1.5-2 times, with a maximum bending radius of 2.3-2.6 times. In general, the springing calculations correspond to the experimental results, the error does not exceed 16%
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