A study of the effect of cycling modes on the electrochromic properties of Ni(OH)2 films

Authors

  • Valerii Kotok Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology Gagarina ave., 8, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49005 Competence center "Ecological technologies and systems" Vyatka State University Moskovskaya str., 36, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610000, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-7189
  • Vadym Kovalenko Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology Gagarina ave., 8, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49005 Competence center "Ecological technologies and systems" Vyatka State University Moskovskaya str., 36, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610000, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-6732

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.150577

Keywords:

electrochromism, cycling, cyclic voltamperometry, galvanostatic, potentiostatic, electrodeposition, Ni(OH)2, nickel hydroxide

Abstract

As a result of conducted studies, a series of electrochromic Ni(OH)2 films were prepared using the cathodic template method under the same conditions. Prepared films have been used for comparison of regimes for coloration-bleaching cycling. Main qualitative characteristics were also evaluated – averaged absolute coloration degree, averaged irreversibility on bleaching and visual comparison in the colored state after cycling.

To compare the influence of different regimes, potentiodynamic, galvanostatic and complex regimes were proposed. For potentiodynamic regimes, different upper and lower potential limits were chosen. Initial current density for galvanostatic and complex regimes was chosen based on the results of the cyclic voltamperometry curve. Chosen current density was equal to the cathodic peak value on the fifth cycle of the cyclic voltamperometry curve recorded in the following regime: potential window [201–751 mV], scan rate 1 mV/s.

Coloration-bleaching cycling in different regimes revealed high effectiveness of potentiodynamic regimes which showed the highest coloration degree of the films. On the other hand, it was found that narrowing and widening of potential windows relative to optimal resulted in worse characteristics of electrochromic films. Galvanostatic regimes showed the most optimal results in terms of absolute coloration degree and time required for coloration/bleaching. Complex regimes demonstrated the worst results. Theses regimes resulted in significant irreversibility and average rate of coloration and bleaching.

Galvanostatic and complex regimes revealed the presence of two plateaus on the current density curves, which indicates the presence of both α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2 in electrochromic material

Author Biographies

Valerii Kotok, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology Gagarina ave., 8, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49005 Competence center "Ecological technologies and systems" Vyatka State University Moskovskaya str., 36, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610000

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Processes, Apparatus and General Chemical Technology

Senior Researcher

Vadym Kovalenko, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology Gagarina ave., 8, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49005 Competence center "Ecological technologies and systems" Vyatka State University Moskovskaya str., 36, Kirov, Russian Federation, 610000

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Additives and Cosmetics

Senior Researcher

References

  1. Smart Windows: Energy Efficiency with a View. Available at: https://www.nrel.gov/news/features/2010/1555.html
  2. Qu, H.-Y., Primetzhofer, D., Arvizu, M. A., Qiu, Z., Cindemir, U., Granqvist, C. G., Niklasson, G. A. (2017). Electrochemical Rejuvenation of Anodically Coloring Electrochromic Nickel Oxide Thin Films. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9 (49), 42420–42424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b13815
  3. Kotok, V. A., Kovalenko, V. L., Kovalenko, P. V., Solovov, V. A., Deabate, S., Mehdi, A. et. al. (2017). Advanced electrochromic Ni(OH)2/PVA films formed by electrochemical template synthesis. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 12 (13), 3962–3977.
  4. Kotok, V. A., Kovalenko, V. L., Solovov, V. A., Kovalenko, P. V., Ananchenko, B. A. (2018). Effect of deposition time on properties of electrochromic nickel hydroxide films prepared by cathodic template synthesis. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13 (9), 3076–3086.
  5. Park, J.-Y., Ahn, K.-S., Nah, Y.-C., Shim, H.-S., Sung, Y.-E. (2004). Electrochemical and Electrochromic Properties of Ni Oxide Thin Films Prepared by a Sol–Gel Method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 31 (1-3), 323–328. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/b:jsst.0000048011.77244.5e
  6. Al-Kahlout, A., Pawlicka, A., Aegerter, M. (2006). Brown coloring electrochromic devices based on NiO–TiO2 layers. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 90 (20), 3583–3601. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.06.053
  7. Zhu, L., Ong, W. L., Lu, X., Zeng, K., Fan, H. J., Ho, G. W. (2017). Substrate-Friendly Growth of Large-Sized Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets for Flexible Electrochromic Films. Small, 13 (23), 1700084. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201700084
  8. Cai, G., Wang, X., Cui, M., Darmawan, P., Wang, J., Eh, A. L.-S., Lee, P. S. (2015). Electrochromo-supercapacitor based on direct growth of NiO nanoparticles. Nano Energy, 12, 258–267. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.12.031
  9. Park, S. H., Lim, J. W., Yoo, S. J., Cha, I. Y., Sung, Y.-E. (2012). The improving electrochromic performance of nickel oxide film using aqueous N,N-dimethylaminoethanol solution. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 99, 31–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2011.06.023
  10. Kotok, V., Kovalenko, V. (2017). The electrochemical cathodic template synthesis of nickel hydroxide thin films for electrochromic devices: role of temperature. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2 (11 (86)), 28–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.97371
  11. Lin, F., Gillaspie, D. T., Dillon, A. C., Richards, R. M., Engtrakul, C. (2013). Nitrogen-doped nickel oxide thin films for enhanced electrochromic applications. Thin Solid Films, 527, 26–30. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2012.12.031
  12. Kotok, V., Kovalenko, V., Malyshev, V. (2017). Comparison of oxygen evolution parameters on different types of nickel hydroxide. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (12 (89)), 12–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.109770
  13. Snook, G. A., Duffy, N. W., Pandolfo, A. G. (2007). Evaluation of the effects of oxygen evolution on the capacity and cycle life of nickel hydroxide electrode materials. Journal of Power Sources, 168 (2), 513–521. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.02.060
  14. Ahn, K.-S., Nah, Y.-C., Sung, Y.-E., Cho, K.-Y., Shin, S.-S., Park, J.-K. (2002). All-solid-state electrochromic device composed of WO3 and Ni(OH)2 with a Ta2O5 protective layer. Applied Physics Letters, 81 (21), 3930–3932. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1522478
  15. Nah, Y.-C., Ahn, K.-S., Cho, K.-Y., Park, J.-Y., Shim, H.-S., Lee, Y. M. et. al. (2005). Polymer-Laminated Electrochromic Devices Composed of WO3 and Ni (OH)2 on Glass and PET Substrates. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152 (12), H201–H204. doi: https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2073088
  16. Abbas, M., Kim, E., Kim, S., Kim, Y. (2016). Comparative Analysis of Battery Behavior with Different Modes of Discharge for Optimal Capacity Sizing and BMS Operation. Energies, 9 (10), 812. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en9100812
  17. Kollimalla, S. K., Ukil, A., Gooi, H. B., Manandhar, U., Tummuru, N. R. (2017). Optimization of Charge/Discharge Rates of a Battery Using a Two-Stage Rate-Limit Control. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 8 (2), 516–529. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2016.2608968
  18. Stryuchkova, Y. M., Rybin, N. B., Suvorov, D. V., Gololobov, G. P., Tolstoguzov, A. B., Tarabrin, D. Y. et. al. (2017). Study of Ni-Mo electrodeposition in direct and pulse-reverse current. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 857, 012046. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/857/1/012046
  19. Mentar, L., Khelladi, M. R., Beniaiche, A., Azizi, A. (2013). Influence of the electrodeposition potential on the Co-Cu alloys thin films properties. International Journal of Nanoscience, 12 (1), 1250038. doi: https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x1250038x
  20. Rudnik, E., Włoch, G., Czernecka, A. (2014). The Influence Of Potential-Current Conditions on the Electrodeposition of Ni-Sn Alloys from Acidic Chloride-Sulphate Solution. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 59 (1), 195–198. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0031
  21. Kotok, V. A., Malyshev, V. V., Solovov, V. A., Kovalenko, V. L. (2017). Soft Electrochemical Etching of FTO-Coated Glass for Use in Ni(OH)2-Based Electrochromic Devices. ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 6 (12), P772–P777. doi: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0071712jss
  22. Hall, D. S., Lockwood, D. J., Bock, C., MacDougall, B. R. (2014). Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 471 (2174), 20140792–20140792. doi: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0792
  23. Srinivasan, V., Weidner, J. W., White, R. E. (2000). Mathematical models of the nickel hydroxide active material. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 4 (7), 367–382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s100080000107
  24. Delahaye-Vidal, A. (1996). Structural and textural investigations of the nickel hydroxide electrode. Solid State Ionics, 84 (3-4), 239–248. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(96)00030-6
  25. Kovalenko, V., Kotok, V. (2018). Comparative investigation of electrochemically synthesized (α+β) layered nickel hydroxide with mixture of α-Ni(OH)2 and β-Ni(OH)2. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2 (6 (92)), 16–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.125886

Downloads

Published

2018-12-12

How to Cite

Kotok, V., & Kovalenko, V. (2018). A study of the effect of cycling modes on the electrochromic properties of Ni(OH)2 films. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6(5 (96), 62–69. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.150577

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 5 (96) (2018): Applied physics

Section

Applied physics

License

Copyright (c) 2018 Valerii Kotok, Vadym Kovalenko

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.

A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.