Implementation of sulfuric acid leaching for aluminum and iron removal for improvement of low-grade silica from quartz sand of Sukabumi, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.226267Keywords:
beneficiation, quartz sand, leaching, aluminum removal, iron removal, silicaAbstract
Indonesia has very abundant reserves of silica, but progressive studies on the deposition of this material are very few, resulting in limited applications of silica. This work refers to the purification of silica from quartz sand originated from Sukabumi, Indonesia to obtain high-purity silica, which can be applied as important raw materials for special purposes. The aim of our research is to improve low-grade silica from quartz sand by removing impurities, especially aluminum and iron removal, using sulfuric acid leaching. In order to achieve the aim, the effect of reaction time and sulfuric acid concentration on the leaching process was investigated. The effectiveness of sulfuric acid for the impurities removal was observed. The chemical composition of the samples before and after leaching was studied using X-ray fluorescence. The mineralogical analysis of the starting materials and the products was conducted using X-ray diffraction. Microstructure analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, and EDS test was used to show the element composition at different points. The experimental results show that the optimum condition of the leaching process occurs at a reaction time of 5 hours with a sulfuric acid concentration of 10 N. The silica levels increase from 93.702 % to 96.438 %. Aluminum and iron impurities reduced from 4.691 % to 2.712 % and from 0.641 % to 0.094 %, respectively. At this optimum point, sulfuric acid is very effective to remove aluminum and iron impurities up to 42 % and 85 %, respectively. The results of this research can be a very significant opportunity to increase the value added of quartz sand from Sukabumi, which can enhance the quality of low-grade silica to provide better raw materials for glass industries.
References
- Suratman (2015). Removal of Metallic Impurities From Quartz Sand Using Oxalic Acid. Indonesian Mining Journal, 18 (3), 133–141. Available at: https://jurnal.tekmira.esdm.go.id/index.php/imj/article/view/262/167
- Chammas, E., Panias, D., Taxiarchou, M., Anastasakis, G. N., Paspaliaris, I. (2001). Removal of iron and other major impurities from silica sand for the production of high added value materials. Proceedings of the 9th Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, 289–295. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234107519_Removal_of_iron_and_other_major_impurities_from_silica_sand_for_the_production_of_high_added_value_materials
- Banza, A. N., Quindt, J., Gock, E. (2006). Improvement of the quartz sand processing at Hohenbocka. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79 (1), 76–82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2005.11.010
- Al-Maghrabi, M.-N. (2004). Improvement of Low-Grade Silica Sand Deposits In Jeddah Area. Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Engineering Sciences, 15 (2), 113–128. doi: https://doi.org/10.4197/eng.15-2.8
- Haghi, H., Noaparast, M., Shafaei Tonkaboni, S., Mirmohammadi, M. (2016). A New Experimental Approach to Improve the Quality of Low Grade Silica; The Combination of Indirect Ultrasound Irradiation with Reverse Flotation and Magnetic Separation. Minerals, 6 (4), 121. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/min6040121
- Veglió, F., Passariello, B., Barbaro, M., Plescia, P., Marabini, A. M. (1998). Drum leaching tests in iron removal from quartz using oxalic and sulphuric acids. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 54 (3-4), 183–200. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-7516(98)00014-3
- Wahyuningsih, S., Suharty, N. S., Pramono, E., Ramelan, A. H., Sasongko, B., Dewi, A. O. T. et. al. (2018). Iron and boron removal from sodium silicate using complexation methods. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1964. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5038303
- Bessho, M., Fukunaka, Y., Kusuda, H., Nishiyama, T. (2009). High-Grade Silica Refined from Diatomaceous Earth for Solar-Grade Silicon Production. Energy & Fuels, 23 (8), 4160–4165. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ef900359m
- Buttress, A. J., Rodriguez, J. M., Ure, A., Ferrari, R. S., Dodds, C., Kingman, S. W. (2019). Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment. Minerals Engineering, 131, 407–419. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.025
- Suratman, S., Handayani, S. (2014). Beneficiation of Sambiroto Silica Sand By Chemical And Biological Leachings. Indonesian Mining Journal, 17 (3), 134–143. Available at: https://jurnal.tekmira.esdm.go.id/index.php/imj/article/view/318/201
- Štyriaková, I., Mockovčiaková, A., Štyriak, I., Kraus, I., Uhlík, P., Madejová, J., Orolínová, Z. (2012). Bioleaching of clays and iron oxide coatings from quartz sands. Applied Clay Science, 61, 1–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2012.02.020
- Wahyuningsih, S., Ramelan, A. H., Suharty, N. S., Handayani, M., Firdiyono, F., Sulistiyono, E. et. al. (2018). Phosphorus Elimination at Sodium Silicate from Quartz Sand Roasted with Complexation using Chitosan-EDTA. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 333, 012050. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/333/1/012050
- Febriana, E., Manurung, U. A. B., Prasetyo, A. B., Handayani, M., Muslih, E. Y., Nugroho, F. et. al. (2020). Dissolution of quartz sand in sodium hydroxide solution for producing amorphous precipitated silica. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 858, 012047. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/858/1/012047
- Smyth, H. R., Hall, R., Nichols, G. J. (2008). Significant Volcanic Contribution to Some Quartz-Rich Sandstones, East Java, Indonesia. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 78 (5), 335–356. doi: https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2008.039
- Clements, B., Hall, R. (2006). Provenance of Paleogene sediments in West Java, Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Geosciences Conference and Exhibition. Jakarta, 1–5. Available at: http://searg.rhul.ac.uk/pubs/clements_hall_2006%20West%20Java%20provenance_IPA.pdf
- Hendrizan, M., Praptisih, P., Putra, P. S. (2012). Depositional Environment of the Batuasih Formation on the Basis of Foraminifera Content: A Case Study in Sukabumi Region, West Java Province, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 7 (2). doi: https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.v7i2.139
- Anas Boussaa, S., Kheloufi, A., Boutarek Zaourar, N., Bouachma, S. (2017). Iron and Aluminium Removal from Algerian Silica Sand by Acid Leaching. Acta Physica Polonica A, 132 (3-II), 1082–1086. doi: https://doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.132.1082
- Vegliò, F., Passariello, B., Abbruzzese, C. (1999). Iron Removal Process for High-Purity Silica Sands Production by Oxalic Acid Leaching. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 38 (11), 4443–4448. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990156b
- Taxiarchou, M., Panias, D., Douni, I., Paspaliaris, I., Kontopoulos, A. (1997). Removal of iron from silica sand by leaching with oxalic acid. Hydrometallurgy, 46 (1-2), 215–227. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(97)00015-7
- Ubaldini, S., Piga, L., Fornari, P., Massidda, R. (1996). Removal of iron from quartz sands: A study by column leaching using a complete factorial design. Hydrometallurgy, 40 (3), 369–379. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(95)00012-6
- Du, F., Li, J., Li, X., Zhang, Z. (2011). Improvement of iron removal from silica sand using ultrasound-assisted oxalic acid. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18 (1), 389–393. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.07.006
- Zhang, Z., Li, J., Li, X., Huang, H., Zhou, L., Xiong, T. (2012). High efficiency iron removal from quartz sand using phosphoric acid. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 114-117, 30–34. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2012.09.001
- Sulistiyono, E., Handayani, M., Prasetyo, A. B., Irawan, Y., Febriana, E., Sembiring, S. N., Yustanti, E. (2020). Identification of Quartz Sand From the Hills of Gunung Walat at Sukabumi Regency for Raw Materials of Nano Silica Precipitate. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 858, 012048. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/858/1/012048
- Zhao, H. L., Wang, D. X., Cai, Y. X., Zhang, F. C. (2007). Removal of iron from silica sand by surface cleaning using power ultrasound. Minerals Engineering, 20 (8), 816–818. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2006.10.005
- Kazemi, A., Faghihi-Sani, M. A., Alizadeh, H. R. (2013). Investigation on cristobalite crystallization in silica-based ceramic cores for investment casting. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 33 (15-16), 3397–3402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2013.06.025
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Eko Sulistiyono, Murni Handayani, Agus Budi Prasetyo, Januar Irawan, Eni Febriana, Florentinus Firdiyono, Erlina Yustanti, Safetyana Nazaretha Sembiring, Firdaus Nugroho, Ersan Yudhapratama Muslih
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.
