Effect of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations of orbital pipe welding on SS 316L

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228161

Keywords:

welding sequence, orbital pipe welding, gas tungsten arc welding, distortion, SS 316L

Abstract

Orbital pipe welding was often used to manufacture piping systems. In orbital pipe welding, a major challenge is the welding torch’s position during the welding process, so that additional methods are needed to overcome these challenges. This paper discusses the influence of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations in orbital pipe welding with SS 316L pipe square butt joints. The variation of the orbital pipe welding parameters used is welding current and welding sequence. The welding current used is 100 A, 110 A, and 120 A, while the welding sequence used is one sequence, two sequences, three sequences, and four sequences. The welding results will be analyzed from distortion measurement, mechanical properties test and metallurgical observations. Distortion measurements are made on the pipe before welding and after welding. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile tests and microhardness tests, while metallurgical observations include macrostructure and microstructural observations. The results show that maximum axial distortion, transverse distortion, ovality, and taper occurred at a welding current of 120 A with four sequences of 445 µm, 300 µm, 195 µm, and 275 µm, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength is 51 % compared to the base metal’s ultimate tensile strength. Horizontal and vertical microhardness tests show that welding with one sequence produces the greatest microhardness value, but there is a decrease in the microhardness value using welding with two to four sequences. Orbital pipe welding results in different depths of penetration at each pipe position. The largest and smallest depth of penetration was 4.11 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively

Author Biographies

Agus Widyianto, Universitas Indonesia

Postgraduate Student

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Ario Sunar Baskoro, Universitas Indonesia

Doctorate, Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Gandjar Kiswanto, Universitas Indonesia

Doctorate, Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Muhamad Fathin Ginanjar Ganeswara, Universitas Indonesia

Department of Mechanical Engineering

References

  1. Panji, M., Baskoro, A. S., Widyianto, A. (2019). Effect of Welding Current and Welding Speed on Weld Geometry and Distortion in TIG Welding of A36 Mild Steel Pipe with V-Groove Joint. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 694, 012026. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/694/1/012026
  2. Eisazadeh, H., Haines, D. J., Torabizadeh, M. (2014). Effects of gravity on mechanical properties of GTA welded joints. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 214 (5), 1136–1142. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.01.002
  3. Tseng, K.-H., Chuang, K.-J. (2012). Application of iron-based powders in tungsten inert gas welding for 17Cr–10Ni–2Mo alloys. Powder Technology, 228, 36–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.04.047
  4. Tseng, K.-H., Chen, K.-L. (2012). Comparisons Between TiO2- and SiO2-Flux Assisted TIG Welding Processes. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 12 (8), 6359–6367. doi: https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.6419
  5. Gill, S. S., Singh, J. (2013). Artificial intelligent modeling to predict tensile strength of inertia friction-welded pipe joints. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 69 (9-12), 2001–2009. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5177-5
  6. Tsai, C.-H., Hou, K.-H., Chuang, H.-T. (2006). Fuzzy control of pulsed GTA welds by using real-time root bead image feedback. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 176 (1-3), 158–167. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.02.027
  7. Sattari-Far, I., Javadi, Y. (2008). Influence of welding sequence on welding distortions in pipes. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 85 (4), 265–274. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.07.003
  8. Harris, I. D. (2011). Welding advances in tube and pipe applications. Welding Journal, 90 (6), 58–63.
  9. Lukkari, J. (2005). Orbital-TIG–a great way to join pipes. The ESAB Welding and Cutting Journal, 60 (01), 3–6.
  10. Wilsdorf, R., Pistor, R., Sixsmith, J. J., Jin, H. (2006). Welding aluminum pipe and tube with variable polarity. Welding Journal, 85 (4), 42–43.
  11. Suwanda, T., Soenoko, R., Irawan, Y. S., Choiron, M. A. (2020). Temperature cycle analysis of A6061-AISI304 dissimilar metal continuous drive friction welding. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3 (12 (105)), 38–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.203391
  12. Okano, S., Mochizuki, M. (2017). Transient distortion behavior during TIG welding of thin steel plate. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 241, 103–111. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.11.006
  13. Seyyedian Choobi, M., Haghpanahi, M., Sedighi, M. (2012). Effect of welding sequence and direction on angular distortions in butt-welded plates. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design, 47 (1), 46–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0309324711425887
  14. Yi, J., Zhang, J., Cao, S., Guo, P. (2019). Effect of welding sequence on residual stress and deformation of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy automobile component. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 29 (2), 287–295. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(19)64938-1
  15. Baskoro, A. S., Hidayat, R., Widyianto, A., Amat, M. A., Putra, D. U. (2020). Optimization of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Parameters for Minimum Distortion of T Welded Joints of A36 Mild Steel by Taguchi Method. Materials Science Forum, 1000, 356–363. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1000.356
  16. Widyianto, A., Baskoro, A. S., Kiswanto, G. (2020). Effect of Pulse Currents on Weld Geometry and Angular Distortion in Pulsed GTAW of 304 Stainless Steel Butt Joint. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 17 (1), 7687–7694. doi: https://doi.org/10.15282/ijame.17.1.2020.16.0571
  17. Mistry, P. J. (2016). Effect of process parameters on bead geometry and shape relationship of gas metal arc weldments. International Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering & Technology, 2, 24–27.
  18. Kumar, M. V., Balasubramanian, V. (2014). Microstructure and tensile properties of friction welded SUS 304HCu austenitic stainless steel tubes. International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 113, 25–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2013.11.005
  19. Figueirôa, D. W., Pigozzo, I. O., e Silva, R. H. G., de Abreu Santos, T. F., Filho, S. L. U. (2017). Influence of welding position and parameters in orbital tig welding applied to low-carbon steel pipes. Welding International, 31 (8), 583–590. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2016.1218615
  20. Qi, B. J., Yang, M. X., Cong, B. Q., Liu, F. J. (2013). The effect of arc behavior on weld geometry by high-frequency pulse GTAW process with 0Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 66 (9-12), 1545–1553. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4438-z
  21. Casalino, G., Angelastro, A., Perulli, P., Casavola, C., Moramarco, V. (2018). Study on the fiber laser/TIG weldability of AISI 304 and AISI 410 dissimilar weld. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 35, 216–225. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.005

Downloads

Published

2021-04-30

How to Cite

Widyianto, A., Baskoro, A. S., Kiswanto, G., & Ganeswara, M. F. G. . (2021). Effect of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations of orbital pipe welding on SS 316L. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2(12 (110), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.228161

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 12 (110) (2021): Materials Science

Section

Materials Science

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Agus Widyianto, Ario Sunar Baskoro, Gandjar Kiswanto, Muhamad Fathin Ginanjar Ganeswara

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.

A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.