Development of a method for improving stability method of applying digital watermarks to digital images

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.235802

Keywords:

digital watermarks, steganography methods, pseudo-holographic coding, discrete cosine transform, affine transform

Abstract

A technique for increasing the stability of methods for applying digital watermark into digital images is presented. A technique for increasing the stability of methods for applying digital watermarks into digital images, based on pseudo-holographic coding and additional filtering of a digital watermark, has been developed. The technique described in this work using pseudo-holographic coding of digital watermarks is effective for all types of attacks that were considered, except for image rotation. The paper presents a statistical indicator for assessing the stability of methods for applying digital watermarks. The indicator makes it possible to comprehensively assess the resistance of the method to a certain number of attacks. An experimental study was carried out according to the proposed method. This technique is most effective when part of the image is lost. When pre-filtering a digital watermark, the most effective is the third filtering method, which is averaging over a cell with subsequent binarization. The least efficient is the first method, which is binarization and finding the statistical mode over the cell. For an affine type attack, which is an image rotation, this technique is effective only when the rotation is compensated. To estimate the rotation angle, an affine transformation matrix is found, which is obtained from a consistent set of corresponding ORB-descriptors. Using this method allows to accurately extract a digital watermark for the entire range of angles. A comprehensive assessment of the methodology for increasing the stability of the method of applying a digital watermark based on Wavelet transforms has shown that this method is 20 % better at counteracting various types of attacks

Author Biographies

Oleksandr Makoveichuk, Abto Software

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of Department

Scientific Research Department

Igor Ruban, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics

Doctor of Technical Sciences, First Vice-Rector

Nataliia Bolohova, Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University

Lecturer

Department of Information Technology

Andriy Kovalenko, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of Department

Department of Electronic Computers

Vitalii Martovytskyi, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Electronic Computers

Tetiana Filimonchuk, Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Electronic Computers

References

  1. Patel, S. B., Mehta, T. B., Pradhan, S. N. (2011). A unified technique for robust digital watermarking of colour images using data mining and DCT. International Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, 3 (1), 81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijitst.2011.039680
  2. Gao, X., Deng, C., Li, X., Tao, D. (2010). Geometric Distortion Insensitive Image Watermarking in Affine Covariant Regions. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), 40 (3), 278–286. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2009.2037512
  3. Seo, J. S., Yoo, C. D. (2006). Image watermarking based on invariant regions of scale-space representation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 54 (4), 1537–1549. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2006.870581
  4. Aslantas, V. (2008). A singular-value decomposition-based image watermarking using genetic algorithm. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 62 (5), 386–394. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2007.02.010
  5. Loukhaoukha, K., Nabti, M., Zebbiche, K. (2014). A robust SVD-based image watermarking using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Opto-Electronics Review, 22 (1). doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11772-014-0177-z
  6. Wei, Z. H., Qin, P., Fu, Y. Q. (1998). Perceptual digital watermark of images using wavelet transform. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 44 (4), 1267–1272. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/30.735826
  7. Santhi, V., Rekha, N., Tharini, S. (2008). A hybrid block based watermarking algorithm using DWT-DCT-SVD techniques for color images. 2008 International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icccnet.2008.4907259
  8. Divecha, N. H., Jani, N. (2012). Image Watermarking Algorithm using DCT, DWT and SVD. IJCA Proceedings on National Conference on Innovative Paradigms in Engineering and Technology (NCIPET 2012), 13–16.
  9. Singh, A. K. (2016). Improved hybrid algorithm for robust and imperceptible multiple watermarking using digital images. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76 (6), 8881–8900. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3514-z
  10. Bruckstein, A. M., Holt, R. J., Netravali, A. N. (1997). Holographic image representations: the subsampling method. Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icip.1997.647439
  11. Bruckstein, A. M., Holt, R. J., Netravali, A. N. (1998). Holographic representations of images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 7 (11), 1583–1597. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/83.725365
  12. Markovskii, A. V. (2001). On Quasiholographic Coding of Digital Images. Automation and Remote Control 62, 1688–1697. doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012470618018
  13. Kuznetsov, O. P., Markovskiy, A. B. (2002). Kvazigolograficheskiy podhod k kodirovaniyu graficheskoy informatsii. Iskusstvenniy intellekt, 2, 474–482.
  14. Dovgard, R. (2004). Holographic Image Representation With Reduced Aliasing and Noise Effects. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 13 (7), 867–872. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2004.827228
  15. Makoveychuk, O. (2019). A new type of augmented reality markers. Advanced Information Systems, 3 (3), 43–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2019.3.06
  16. Makoviechuk, O., Ruban, I., Hudov, G. (2019). Using genetic algorithms to find inverse pseudo-random block permutations. Control, Navigation and Communication Systems, 4, 72–81. doi: https://doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2019.4.072
  17. Xia, X. G., Boncelet, C., Arce, G. (1998). Wavelet transform based watermark for digital images. Optics Express, 3 (12), 497. doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.3.000497
  18. Lai, C.-C., Tsai, C.-C. (2010). Digital Image Watermarking Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59 (11), 3060–3063. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2066770
  19. Yusof, Y., Khalifa, O. O. (2007). Digital watermarking for digital images using wavelet transform. 2007 IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Malaysia International Conference on Communications. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ictmicc.2007.4448569
  20. Mallat, S. G. (1989). A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11 (7), 674–693. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/34.192463
  21. Daubechies, I. (1992). Ten Lectures on Wavelets. CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics. doi: https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611970104
  22. Otsu, N. (1979). A Threshold Selection Method from Gray-Level Histograms. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 9 (1), 62–66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1979.4310076
  23. Bradley, D., Roth, G. (2007). Adaptive Thresholding using the Integral Image. Journal of Graphics Tools, 12 (2), 13–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/2151237x.2007.10129236
  24. Yeromina, N., Petrov, S., Antonenko, N., Vlasov, I., Kostrytsia, V., Korshenko, V. (2020). The Synthesis of the Optimal Reference Image Using Nominal and Hyperordinal Scales. (2020). International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8 (5), 2080–2084. doi: https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/98852020
  25. Liashko O., Klindukhova, V., Yeromina, N., Karadobrii, T., Bairamova, O., Dorosheva, A. (2020). The Criterion and Evaluation of Effectiveness of Image Comparison in Correlation-Extreme Navigation Systems of Mobile Robots. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8 (6), 2841–2847, doi: https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/97862020

Downloads

Published

2021-06-30

How to Cite

Makoveichuk, O., Ruban, I., Bolohova, N., Kovalenko, A., Martovytskyi, V. ., & Filimonchuk, T. (2021). Development of a method for improving stability method of applying digital watermarks to digital images . Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3(2 (111), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.235802

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 2 (111) (2021): Information technology. Industry control systems

Section

Information technology

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Александр Николаевич Маковейчук, Игорь Викторович Рубан, Наталья Николаевна Бологова, Андрей Анатольевич Коваленко, Виталий Александрович Мартовицкий, Татьяна Владимировна Филимончук

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.

A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.