Reform of state regulation of production and transportation of hydrogen on the territory of european states in the context of EU positive practice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.260329Keywords:
green hydrogen, decarbonization of the economy, sustainable development, energy markets, hydrogen economyAbstract
Geopolitical transformations produce their impact on the cross-border regulation of hydrogen production and transportation. Russia's military aggression has blown up the global energy system and driven up energy prices. This exacerbated the issue of energy security, highlighting the excessive dependence of the EU on imports from the Russian Federation. These factors have accelerated Europe's transition to clean energy and increased hydrogen production.
The object of the research is legal relations in the field of development, transportation and storage of hydrogen in the territory of European states.
The results made it possible to propose mechanisms for reforming the legal regulation of the production and transportation of hydrogen across Europe. The vectors of the regulatory policy of European states are revealed, which should coordinate the increase in the potential of Ukraine in the regional leadership in decarbonization. It was stated that the legislative innovations of Ukraine are the basis for adaptation to EU practices.
The practical approbation of the changes in production practice declared by the states of Europe in the context of the global energy transition to a carbon-neutral society is substantiated. It has been established that reducing the cost of hydrogen and finding its wide application will become a global priority in the short term.
The basis of the hydrogen infrastructure has already been laid by including it in the renewed trans-European energy network. The issue of full-fledged approbation of production procedures in modern geopolitical conditions is debatable. Despite the hostilities, Ukraine continues the course of reforms by coordinating and arranging the purchase of hydrogen from renewable sources, which will allow full accession to the EU Energy Platform.
The results of the study can be used in the legislative sphere for a comprehensive reform of the national legislation of Ukraine
References
- Osman, A. I., Hefny, M., Abdel Maksoud, M. I. A., Elgarahy, A. M., Rooney, D. W. (2020). Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19 (2), 797–849. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01133-3
- Abdalla, A. M., Hossain, S., Nisfindy, O. B., Azad, A. T., Dawood, M., Azad, A. K. (2018). Hydrogen production, storage, transportation and key challenges with applications: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, 165, 602–627. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.088
- Deliverable 4.5 EU policy Paper (2019). HyLaw. Available at: https://www.hylaw.eu/sites/default/files/2019-06/EU%20Policy%20Paper%20%28June%202019%29.pdf
- Tashie-Lewis, B. C., Nnabuife, S. G. (2021). Hydrogen Production, Distribution, Storage and Power Conversion in a Hydrogen Economy - A Technology Review. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 8, 100172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100172
- Yue, M., Lambert, H., Pahon, E., Roche, R., Jemei, S., Hissel, D. (2021). Hydrogen energy systems: A critical review of technologies, applications, trends and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 146, 111180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111180
- Dawood, F., Anda, M., Shafiullah, G. M. (2020). Hydrogen production for energy: An overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45 (7), 3847–3869. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.059
- Osman, A. I., Mehta, N., Elgarahy, A. M., Hefny, M., Al-Hinai, A., Al-Muhtaseb, A. H., Rooney, D. W. (2021). Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 20 (1), 153–188. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01322-8
- Green Hydrogen: A guide to policy making (2020). IRENA. International Renewable Energy Agency. Abu Dhabi. Available at: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Nov/IRENA_Green_hydrogen_policy_2020.pdf
- Wolf, A., Zander, N. (2021). Green Hydrogen in Europe: Do Strategies Meet Expectations? Intereconomics, 56 (6), 316–323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-1008-3
- Kudria, S. O. (2020). Vidnovliuvani dzherela enerhiyi. Kyiv: Instytut vidnovliuvanoi enerhetyky NANU. Available at: https://www.ive.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/Monografia_final_21.12.2020.pdf
- Falcone, P. M., Hiete, M., Sapio, A. (2021). Hydrogen economy and sustainable development goals: Review and policy insights. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 31, 100506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100506
- Hritsyshyna, M., Hutarevych, N. (2021). Legal Regulation of Hydrogen in Germany and Ukraine as a Precondition for Energy Partnership and Energy Transition. Energies, 14 (24), 8331. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248331
- Lambert, M., Schulte, S. (2021). Contrasting European hydrogen pathways: An analysis of differing approaches in key markets. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Contrasting-European-hydrogen-pathways-An-analysis-of-differing-approaches-in-key-markets-NG166.pdf
- EU hydrogen policy. European Parliamentary Research Service. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/689332/EPRS_BRI(2021)689332_EN.pdf
- European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions. European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_3541
- Paris Agreement (2015). Available at: https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf
- Hydrogen scaling up (2017). Hydrogen Council. Available at: https://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hydrogen-scaling-up-Hydrogen-Council.pdf
- Measuring Progress: Environment and the SDGs (2021). UNEP. Available at: https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/measuring-progress-environment-and-sdgs
- Energy statistical country datasheets. EU27. 2022-04. Available at: https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy.ec.europa.eu%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2F2022-06%2FEnergy%2520statistical%2520country%2520datasheets%25202022-04%2520for%2520public%2520use.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
- Share of energy from renewable sources. Eurostat. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/NRG_IND_REN/default/table?lang=en&category=nrg.nrg_quant.nrg_quanta.nrg_ind.nrg_ind_share
- Communication from the commission to the european parliament, the european council, the council, the european economic and social committee and the committee of the regions REPowerEU Plan. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A230%3AFIN&qid=1653033742483
- ISO Standards. URL: https://www.iso.org/standards.html
- TC 105 Fuel cell technologies. Available at: https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:7:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1309,25
- CEN-CENELEC. Available at: https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:7:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:2121095&cs=1C768ED5384A10C0D3BDFAADF1D285AB6
- A hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe. European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/hydrogen_strategy.pdf
- COM(2020)299 - Communication. Powering a climate-neutral economy: An EU Strategy for Energy System Integration. Available at: https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vla6qbjxnbk0
- Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R1119
- Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. Text with EEA relevance. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.328.01.0082.01.ENG
- Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0559
- Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Text with EEA relevance. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014L0094
- Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021DC0103
- Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31998L0070
- Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 of 20 April 2015 laying down calculation methods and reporting requirements pursuant to Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015L0652
- COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) …/... supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing the technical screening criteria for determining the conditions under which an economic activity qualifies as contributing substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation and for determining whether that economic activity causes no significant harm to any of the other environmental objectives. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=PI_COM:C(2021)2800
- Deliverable 4.4. EU regulations and directives which impact the deployment of FCH technologies (2019). HyLaw. Available at: https://www.hylaw.eu/sites/default/files/2019-02/D4.4%20-%20EU%20regulations%20and%20directives%20which%20impact%20the%20deployment%20of%20FCH%20technologies_0.pdf
- Clean Hydrogen Mission: Building a global clean hydrogen economy. On behalf of the governments of Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, China, the European Commission on behalf of the European Union, Germany, India, Italy, Morocco, Republic of Korea, Norway, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America ("Mission members") on 2 June 2021. Available at: http://mission-innovation.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Clean-Hydrogen-Joint-Mission-Statement.pdf
- The National Hydrogen Strategy (2020). Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. Available at: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/Energie/the-national-hydrogen-strategy.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6
- Germany sets regulatory framework for green hydrogen production and hydrogen grid projects (2021). Eversheds Sutherland. Available at: https://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/global/en/what/articles/index.page?ArticleID=en/Energy/Germany_sets-regulatory-framework-for-green-hydrogen-production-and-hydrogen-grid-projects
- Memorandum of understanding between Portugal and the Netherlands concerning green hydrogen. Available at: https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2020/09/23/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-netherlands-and-portugal-concerning-green-hydrogen
- Atlas enerhetychnoho potentsialu vidnovliuvanykh dzherel enerhiyi v Ukraini. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Ay1otLjiqIQelPKxSqfir2rYwGIKxSg/view
- Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources, and repealing Council Directive (EU). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0557
- "Ukrainska enerhetyka" doslidyla perspektyvni napriamy ta propozytsiyi na rynku "zelenoho" vodniu dlia biznesu. Available at: https://ua-energy.org/uk/posts/ukrainski-rozrobnyky-vzhe-hotovi-proponuvaty-vodnevi-proekty-investoram
- Nakaz Derzhavnoho pidpryiemstva «Ukrainskyi naukovo-doslidnyi i navchalnyi tsentr problem standartyzatsiyi, sertyfikatsiyi ta yakosti» vid 19.04.2021 No. 146. Pro pryiniattia natsionalnykh standartiv. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0146774-21#Text
- Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 18 serpnia 2017 r. No. 605–r. Pro skhvalennia Enerhetychnoi stratehiyi Ukrainy na period do 2035 roku «Bezpeka, enerhoefektyvnist, konkurentospromozhnist». Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/605-2017-%D1%80#Text
- Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30 travnia 2018 r. No. 430–r. Pro skhvalennia Natsionalnoi transportnoi stratehiyi Ukrainy na period do 2030 roku. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/430-2018-%D1%80#n13
- Zakon Ukrainy vid 9 kvitnia 2015 roku No. 329–VIII. Pro rynok pryrodnoho hazu. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/329-19#Text
- Zakon Ukrainy vid 20 liutoho 2003 roku No. 555–IV. Pro alternatyvni dzherela enerhiyi. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/555-15#Text
- Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 4 serpnia 2021 r. No. 907–r. Pro skhvalennia Stratehiyi enerhetychnoi bezpeky. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/907-2021-%D1%80#Text
- Stratehiya nyzkovuhletsevoho rozvytku Ukrainy do 2050 roku. Available at: https://mepr.gov.ua/files/docs/Proekt/LEDS_ua_last.pdf
- Postanova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy vid 5 lystopada 2021 roku # 1870–IX. Pro Zvernennia Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy do Konferentsiyi Orhanizatsiyi Obiednanykh Natsiy zi zminy klimatu, yaka vkliuchatyme provedennia 26-yi sesiyi Konferentsiyi Storin Ramkovoi konventsiy Orhanizatsiy Obiednanykh Natsiyi pro zminu klimatu, 16-yi sesiyi Konferentsiyi Storin, yaka ye naradoiu Storin Kiotskoho protokolu, ta 3-yi sesiyi Konferentsiyi Storin, yaka ye naradoiu Storin Paryzkoi uhody, Heneralnoi Asamblei OON, Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu, Rady Yevropy, parlamentskykh asamblei, Yevropeiskoho parlamentu, Mizhparlamentskoho soiuzu, inshykh rehionalnykh i mizhnarodnykh orhanizatsiy, uriadiv ta parlamentiv inozemnykh derzhav, na pidtrymku hlobalnykh tsilei z pytan zminy klimatu. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1870-20#Text
- Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30 lypnia 2021 r. No. 868–r. Pro skhvalennia Onovlenoho natsionalno vyznachenoho vnesku Ukrainy do Paryzkoi uhody. Available at: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-shvalennya-onovlenogo-nacionalno-viznachenogo-vnesku-ukrayini-do-parizkoyi-t300721
- Proekt Dorozhnoi karty dlia vyrobnytstva ta vykorystannia vodniu v Ukraini. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/Hydrogen%20Roadmap%20Draft%20Report_UKR%20March%202021.pdf
- Proekt Dorozhnoi karty vykorystannia vodniu v Ukraini u sferi dorozhnoho transportu. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/Draft%20Roadmap%20for%20the%20use%20of%20hydrogen%20in%20Ukraine%20in%20road%20transport_UKR2021.pdf
- Kakoulaki, G., Kougias, I., Taylor, N., Dolci, F., Moya, J., Jäger-Waldau, A. (2021). Green hydrogen in Europe – A regional assessment: Substituting existing production with electrolysis powered by renewables. Energy Conversion and Management, 228, 113649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113649
- Butzengeiger, S., Michaelowa, А., Brescia, D., Franza, L., Kolodziejczyk, В. (2021). International coordination and policy instruments to promote a hydrogen economy: a focus on the steel-making industry. T20. Available at: https://www.t20italy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TF2-11.pdf
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Oleh Chechel, Alla Bashuk, Ellina Tsykhovska, Valerii Vorotin, Viacheslav Mukovoz, Vasily Prodanyk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.