Reform of state regulation of production and transportation of hydrogen on the territory of european states in the context of EU positive practice

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.260329

Keywords:

green hydrogen, decarbonization of the economy, sustainable development, energy markets, hydrogen economy

Abstract

Geopolitical transformations produce their impact on the cross-border regulation of hydrogen production and transportation. Russia's military aggression has blown up the global energy system and driven up energy prices. This exacerbated the issue of energy security, highlighting the excessive dependence of the EU on imports from the Russian Federation. These factors have accelerated Europe's transition to clean energy and increased hydrogen production.

The object of the research is legal relations in the field of development, transportation and storage of hydrogen in the territory of European states.

The results made it possible to propose mechanisms for reforming the legal regulation of the production and transportation of hydrogen across Europe. The vectors of the regulatory policy of European states are revealed, which should coordinate the increase in the potential of Ukraine in the regional leadership in decarbonization. It was stated that the legislative innovations of Ukraine are the basis for adaptation to EU practices.

The practical approbation of the changes in production practice declared by the states of Europe in the context of the global energy transition to a carbon-neutral society is substantiated. It has been established that reducing the cost of hydrogen and finding its wide application will become a global priority in the short term.

The basis of the hydrogen infrastructure has already been laid by including it in the renewed trans-European energy network. The issue of full-fledged approbation of production procedures in modern geopolitical conditions is debatable. Despite the hostilities, Ukraine continues the course of reforms by coordinating and arranging the purchase of hydrogen from renewable sources, which will allow full accession to the EU Energy Platform.

The results of the study can be used in the legislative sphere for a comprehensive reform of the national legislation of Ukraine

Author Biographies

Oleh Chechel, Ukrainian State Scientific Research Institute «Resource» State Reserve Agency of Ukraine

Doctor of Science in Public Administration, Associate Professor, Deputy Director for Research

Alla Bashuk, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

Doctor of Social Communication, Associate Professor

Department of Advertising and Public Relations

Ellina Tsykhovska, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor

Department of Advertising and Public Relations

Valerii Vorotin, Institute of Legislation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

Doctor of Science in Public Administration, Professor, Head of Department

Department Complex Problems of State Formation

Viacheslav Mukovoz, Ukrainian State Scientific Research Institute «Resource» State Reserve Agency of Ukraine

PhD, Senior Researcher, Director

Vasily Prodanyk, Interregional Academy of Personnel Management

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Public Administration

References

  1. Osman, A. I., Hefny, M., Abdel Maksoud, M. I. A., Elgarahy, A. M., Rooney, D. W. (2020). Recent advances in carbon capture storage and utilisation technologies: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19 (2), 797–849. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01133-3
  2. Abdalla, A. M., Hossain, S., Nisfindy, O. B., Azad, A. T., Dawood, M., Azad, A. K. (2018). Hydrogen production, storage, transportation and key challenges with applications: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, 165, 602–627. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.03.088
  3. Deliverable 4.5 EU policy Paper (2019). HyLaw. Available at: https://www.hylaw.eu/sites/default/files/2019-06/EU%20Policy%20Paper%20%28June%202019%29.pdf
  4. Tashie-Lewis, B. C., Nnabuife, S. G. (2021). Hydrogen Production, Distribution, Storage and Power Conversion in a Hydrogen Economy - A Technology Review. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 8, 100172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100172
  5. Yue, M., Lambert, H., Pahon, E., Roche, R., Jemei, S., Hissel, D. (2021). Hydrogen energy systems: A critical review of technologies, applications, trends and challenges. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 146, 111180. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111180
  6. Dawood, F., Anda, M., Shafiullah, G. M. (2020). Hydrogen production for energy: An overview. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45 (7), 3847–3869. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.12.059
  7. Osman, A. I., Mehta, N., Elgarahy, A. M., Hefny, M., Al-Hinai, A., Al-Muhtaseb, A. H., Rooney, D. W. (2021). Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 20 (1), 153–188. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01322-8
  8. Green Hydrogen: A guide to policy making (2020). IRENA. International Renewable Energy Agency. Abu Dhabi. Available at: https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Nov/IRENA_Green_hydrogen_policy_2020.pdf
  9. Wolf, A., Zander, N. (2021). Green Hydrogen in Europe: Do Strategies Meet Expectations? Intereconomics, 56 (6), 316–323. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-1008-3
  10. Kudria, S. O. (2020). Vidnovliuvani dzherela enerhiyi. Kyiv: Instytut vidnovliuvanoi enerhetyky NANU. Available at: https://www.ive.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/Monografia_final_21.12.2020.pdf
  11. Falcone, P. M., Hiete, M., Sapio, A. (2021). Hydrogen economy and sustainable development goals: Review and policy insights. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 31, 100506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2021.100506
  12. Hritsyshyna, M., Hutarevych, N. (2021). Legal Regulation of Hydrogen in Germany and Ukraine as a Precondition for Energy Partnership and Energy Transition. Energies, 14 (24), 8331. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248331
  13. Lambert, M., Schulte, S. (2021). Contrasting European hydrogen pathways: An analysis of differing approaches in key markets. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. Available at: https://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Contrasting-European-hydrogen-pathways-An-analysis-of-differing-approaches-in-key-markets-NG166.pdf
  14. EU hydrogen policy. European Parliamentary Research Service. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/689332/EPRS_BRI(2021)689332_EN.pdf
  15. European Green Deal: Commission proposes transformation of EU economy and society to meet climate ambitions. European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_21_3541
  16. Paris Agreement (2015). Available at: https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf
  17. Hydrogen scaling up (2017). Hydrogen Council. Available at: https://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Hydrogen-scaling-up-Hydrogen-Council.pdf
  18. Measuring Progress: Environment and the SDGs (2021). UNEP. Available at: https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/measuring-progress-environment-and-sdgs
  19. Energy statistical country datasheets. EU27. 2022-04. Available at: https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy.ec.europa.eu%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2F2022-06%2FEnergy%2520statistical%2520country%2520datasheets%25202022-04%2520for%2520public%2520use.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK
  20. Share of energy from renewable sources. Eurostat. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/NRG_IND_REN/default/table?lang=en&category=nrg.nrg_quant.nrg_quanta.nrg_ind.nrg_ind_share
  21. Communication from the commission to the european parliament, the european council, the council, the european economic and social committee and the committee of the regions REPowerEU Plan. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2022%3A230%3AFIN&qid=1653033742483
  22. ISO Standards. URL: https://www.iso.org/standards.html
  23. TC 105 Fuel cell technologies. Available at: https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:7:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1309,25
  24. CEN-CENELEC. Available at: https://standards.cencenelec.eu/dyn/www/f?p=205:7:0::::FSP_ORG_ID:2121095&cs=1C768ED5384A10C0D3BDFAADF1D285AB6
  25. A hydrogen strategy for a climate-neutral Europe. European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/hydrogen_strategy.pdf
  26. COM(2020)299 - Communication. Powering a climate-neutral economy: An EU Strategy for Energy System Integration. Available at: https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vla6qbjxnbk0
  27. Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 June 2021 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EC) No 401/2009 and (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32021R1119
  28. Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. Text with EEA relevance. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.328.01.0082.01.ENG
  29. Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, and repealing Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0559
  30. Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Text with EEA relevance. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014L0094
  31. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the application of Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021DC0103
  32. Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Council Directive 93/12/EEC. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31998L0070
  33. Council Directive (EU) 2015/652 of 20 April 2015 laying down calculation methods and reporting requirements pursuant to Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32015L0652
  34. COMMISSION DELEGATED REGULATION (EU) …/... supplementing Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing the technical screening criteria for determining the conditions under which an economic activity qualifies as contributing substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation and for determining whether that economic activity causes no significant harm to any of the other environmental objectives. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=PI_COM:C(2021)2800
  35. Deliverable 4.4. EU regulations and directives which impact the deployment of FCH technologies (2019). HyLaw. Available at: https://www.hylaw.eu/sites/default/files/2019-02/D4.4%20-%20EU%20regulations%20and%20directives%20which%20impact%20the%20deployment%20of%20FCH%20technologies_0.pdf
  36. Clean Hydrogen Mission: Building a global clean hydrogen economy. On behalf of the governments of Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, China, the European Commission on behalf of the European Union, Germany, India, Italy, Morocco, Republic of Korea, Norway, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America ("Mission members") on 2 June 2021. Available at: http://mission-innovation.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Clean-Hydrogen-Joint-Mission-Statement.pdf
  37. The National Hydrogen Strategy (2020). Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy. Available at: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/EN/Publikationen/Energie/the-national-hydrogen-strategy.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6
  38. Germany sets regulatory framework for green hydrogen production and hydrogen grid projects (2021). Eversheds Sutherland. Available at: https://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/global/en/what/articles/index.page?ArticleID=en/Energy/Germany_sets-regulatory-framework-for-green-hydrogen-production-and-hydrogen-grid-projects
  39. Memorandum of understanding between Portugal and the Netherlands concerning green hydrogen. Available at: https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2020/09/23/memorandum-of-understanding-between-the-netherlands-and-portugal-concerning-green-hydrogen
  40. Atlas enerhetychnoho potentsialu vidnovliuvanykh dzherel enerhiyi v Ukraini. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Ay1otLjiqIQelPKxSqfir2rYwGIKxSg/view
  41. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the promotion of energy from renewable sources, and repealing Council Directive (EU). Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0557
  42. "Ukrainska enerhetyka" doslidyla perspektyvni napriamy ta propozytsiyi na rynku "zelenoho" vodniu dlia biznesu. Available at: https://ua-energy.org/uk/posts/ukrainski-rozrobnyky-vzhe-hotovi-proponuvaty-vodnevi-proekty-investoram
  43. Nakaz Derzhavnoho pidpryiemstva «Ukrainskyi naukovo-doslidnyi i navchalnyi tsentr problem standartyzatsiyi, sertyfikatsiyi ta yakosti» vid 19.04.2021 No. 146. Pro pryiniattia natsionalnykh standartiv. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0146774-21#Text
  44. Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 18 serpnia 2017 r. No. 605–r. Pro skhvalennia Enerhetychnoi stratehiyi Ukrainy na period do 2035 roku «Bezpeka, enerhoefektyvnist, konkurentospromozhnist». Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/605-2017-%D1%80#Text
  45. Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30 travnia 2018 r. No. 430–r. Pro skhvalennia Natsionalnoi transportnoi stratehiyi Ukrainy na period do 2030 roku. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/430-2018-%D1%80#n13
  46. Zakon Ukrainy vid 9 kvitnia 2015 roku No. 329–VIII. Pro rynok pryrodnoho hazu. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/329-19#Text
  47. Zakon Ukrainy vid 20 liutoho 2003 roku No. 555–IV. Pro alternatyvni dzherela enerhiyi. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/555-15#Text
  48. Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 4 serpnia 2021 r. No. 907–r. Pro skhvalennia Stratehiyi enerhetychnoi bezpeky. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/907-2021-%D1%80#Text
  49. Stratehiya nyzkovuhletsevoho rozvytku Ukrainy do 2050 roku. Available at: https://mepr.gov.ua/files/docs/Proekt/LEDS_ua_last.pdf
  50. Postanova Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy vid 5 lystopada 2021 roku # 1870–IX. Pro Zvernennia Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy do Konferentsiyi Orhanizatsiyi Obiednanykh Natsiy zi zminy klimatu, yaka vkliuchatyme provedennia 26-yi sesiyi Konferentsiyi Storin Ramkovoi konventsiy Orhanizatsiy Obiednanykh Natsiyi pro zminu klimatu, 16-yi sesiyi Konferentsiyi Storin, yaka ye naradoiu Storin Kiotskoho protokolu, ta 3-yi sesiyi Konferentsiyi Storin, yaka ye naradoiu Storin Paryzkoi uhody, Heneralnoi Asamblei OON, Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu, Rady Yevropy, parlamentskykh asamblei, Yevropeiskoho parlamentu, Mizhparlamentskoho soiuzu, inshykh rehionalnykh i mizhnarodnykh orhanizatsiy, uriadiv ta parlamentiv inozemnykh derzhav, na pidtrymku hlobalnykh tsilei z pytan zminy klimatu. Available at: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1870-20#Text
  51. Rozporiadzhennia Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 30 lypnia 2021 r. No. 868–r. Pro skhvalennia Onovlenoho natsionalno vyznachenoho vnesku Ukrainy do Paryzkoi uhody. Available at: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/pro-shvalennya-onovlenogo-nacionalno-viznachenogo-vnesku-ukrayini-do-parizkoyi-t300721
  52. Proekt Dorozhnoi karty dlia vyrobnytstva ta vykorystannia vodniu v Ukraini. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/Hydrogen%20Roadmap%20Draft%20Report_UKR%20March%202021.pdf
  53. Proekt Dorozhnoi karty vykorystannia vodniu v Ukraini u sferi dorozhnoho transportu. Available at: https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/Draft%20Roadmap%20for%20the%20use%20of%20hydrogen%20in%20Ukraine%20in%20road%20transport_UKR2021.pdf
  54. Kakoulaki, G., Kougias, I., Taylor, N., Dolci, F., Moya, J., Jäger-Waldau, A. (2021). Green hydrogen in Europe – A regional assessment: Substituting existing production with electrolysis powered by renewables. Energy Conversion and Management, 228, 113649. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113649
  55. Butzengeiger, S., Michaelowa, А., Brescia, D., Franza, L., Kolodziejczyk, В. (2021). International coordination and policy instruments to promote a hydrogen economy: a focus on the steel-making industry. T20. Available at: https://www.t20italy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TF2-11.pdf

Downloads

Published

2022-07-01

How to Cite

Chechel, O., Bashuk, A., Tsykhovska, E., Vorotin, V., Mukovoz, V., & Prodanyk, V. (2022). Reform of state regulation of production and transportation of hydrogen on the territory of european states in the context of EU positive practice. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3(13 (117), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.260329

Issue

Section

Transfer of technologies: industry, energy, nanotechnology