Determining patterns of the influence of low temperatures of the external environment on head protection for a mountain rescuer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265758Keywords:
search and rescue operations, low temperatures, protective clothing, heat and mass transfer modeling, rescuer's headAbstract
The basic principles of the need to develop a methodology for determining the level of protection of the rescuer's head during search and rescue operations in mountainous areas under conditions of low temperatures have been substantiated in this paper. The shortcomings of the existing system for ensuring the safe mode of search and rescue operations of rescuers in mountainous areas at low temperatures have been identified. Based on the statistical analysis of search and rescue operations, it was established that the greatest number of them occurs in the fall-winter period. It was determined that on the territory of the Carpathian Mountains the largest number of search and rescue operations is carried out in Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Lviv oblasts. An analysis of working conditions was carried out. The results of studies into the effectiveness of thermal insulation of protective clothing of a mountain rescuer were analyzed. Mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer in the body of a mountain rescuer was carried out using MATLAB software. Modeling of changes in temperature processes in the volume of the rescue head model was carried out under the influence of environmental temperatures: –10 °C, –20 °C, –30 °C, and a metabolic rate of 600 W/m2. Modeling was carried out on a 4-layer segment of the head. It was established that the effect of low temperatures on the face, head and, accordingly, the hypothalamus through the frontal part of the rescuer's skull leads to disability already at minute 17 in the absence of head protection equipment. The use of a model for predicting a decrease in body temperature as a result of exposure to the external environment and the level of protection by the rescuer's individual means will determine the time of risky decrease in brain temperature (up to +32 °C) and prevent a negative impact on the health of the rescuer
References
- Saedpanah, K., Aliabadi, M., Motamedzade, M., Golmohammadi, R. (2018). The effects of short-term and long-term exposure to extreme cold environment on the body’s physiological responses: An experimental study. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 29 (2), 163–171. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20770
- Stocks, J., Taylor, N., Tipton, M., Greenleaf, J. (2004). Human Physiological Responses to Cold Exposure. Aviation, space, and environmental medicine, 75 (5), 444‒457. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8553221_Human_Physiological_Responses_to_Cold_Exposure
- Jussila, K., Rissanen, S., Aminoff, A., Wahlström, J., Vaktskjold, A., Talykova, L. et. al. (2017). Thermal comfort sustained by cold protective clothing in Arctic open-pit mining – a thermal manikin and questionnaire study. Industrial Health, 55 (6), 537–548. doi: https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2017-0154
- ISO 9920:2007. Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Estimation of thermal insulation and water vapour resistance of a clothing ensemble. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/39257.html
- Mosleh, S., Abtew, M. A., Bruniaux, P., Tartare, G., Loghin, E.-C., Dulgheriu, I. (2021). Modeling and Simulation of Human Body Heat Transfer System Based on Air Space Values in 3D Clothing Model. Materials, 14 (21), 6675. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216675
- Jones, B. W. (2002). Capabilities and limitations of thermal models for use in thermal comfort standards. Energy and Buildings, 34 (6), 653–659. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7788(02)00016-6
- Das, H., Naik, B., Behera, H. S. (2020). Medical disease analysis using Neuro-Fuzzy with Feature Extraction Model for classification. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, 18, 100288. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2019.100288
- Castellani, J. W., Young, A. J., Ducharme, M. B., Giesbrecht, G. G., Glickman, E., Sallis, R. E. (2006). Prevention of Cold Injuries during Exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38 (11), 2012–2029. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000241641.75101.64
- Zvitni materialy Derzhavnoi sluzhby Ukrainy z nadzvychainykh sytuatsiy za 2016-2020 rr.
- Tokarskyi, O. I., Bolibrukh, B. V. (2019). Problemy intehratsiyi vymoh bezpeky pratsi riatuvalnykiv Ukrainy do Yevropeiskoi systemy. Zbirnyk statei mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsiyi «Bezpeka, Ekstremizm, teroryzm 2019». Podhaisk, 51‒55.
- DSTU EN ISO 15831:2007. Clothing. Physiological estimation measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin (EN ISO 15831:2004, IDT) (2011). Kyiv.
- DSTU ISO/TR 11079-2002. Odiah. Vyznachennia neobkhidnykh izoliatsiynykh kharakterystyk (ISO/TR 11079:1993, IDT). Available at: http://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page?id_doc=64077
- DSTU EN 511:2005. Rukavychky dlia zakhystu vid znyzhenykh temperatur. Zahalni tekhnichni vymohy ta metody vyprobuvannia (EN 511:1994, IDT) (2008). Kyiv. Available at: http://online.budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=51172
- EN 13087-5 Zakhysni sholomy - Metody vyprobuvan - Chastyna 5: Mitsnist systemy utrymannia. EN 397 Kasky dlia promyslovoi bezpeky.
- EN ISO 15831:2004 - Odiah - Fiziolohichni efekty - Vymiriuvannia teploizoliatsiyi za dopomohoiu teplovoho manykena (ISO 15831:2004 vyznachennia teploizoliatsiyi odiahu z vykorystanniam termomanekena za PN-EN ISO 15831: 2018 i PN EN 342:2018.).
- Pennes, H. H. (1948). Analysis of Tissue and Arterial Blood Temperatures in the Resting Human Forearm. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1 (2), 93–122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1948.1.2.93
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Borys Bolibrukh, Oleksandr Tokarskiy, Оleksandr Kovalenko, Serhiy Stasevych, Oksana Tykhenko
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.