An alternative technology for catalytical processes. the aerosol nanocatalysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.27700Keywords:
catalyst, nanoparticle, chemical technology, efficiency, heterogeneous catalysis, aerosol nanocatalysisAbstract
The reasons of searching for alternative chemical catalytic technologies were analyzed in the paper. Oxidation of organic components with a complex molecule at high temperature leads to precipitation of carbon and some reaction products on the catalyst supports and in their pores, which reduces the efficiency of catalysis and requires its replacement. In aerosol nanocatalysis technology, reactants and continuously comminuted catalyst particles are involved in chemical interaction. It was experimentally shown that catalyst aerosol, even low-activity Fe2O3, only 0.3g/m3 of the reactor is enough in the oxidation process. This is two orders of magnitude less than during the catalysis on the support. Moreover, there is no need for expensive support. This technology will lead to increased reaction rate by 104-106 times, reduced catalyst consumption by the same value, decreased reaction temperature by 100-200oC; increased selectivity, reduced reactor volume by 10-100 times. Currently, about 40 reactions of the environmental focus were carried out in a laboratory using spray nanocatalysis. Target syntheses, which are of interest to the industry: natural gas conversion, catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil on different catalysts, oxydechlorination, oxydehydrochlorination, vinylation, ammonia oxidation for nitric acid production, disposal of acid tars and coke production waste, etc. were also investigated. Each process showed high economic effect.
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