Establishing fire protection patterns in wood using impregnation compositions from inorganic salts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.313423Keywords:
phosphorous-ammonium salts, protective agents, growth in wood mass, wood surface treatment, free energy of wood surfaceAbstract
An issue related to using inorganic salts for fire protection of wood is to ensure their flame-inhibiting ability and compatibility with wood and application technology. That is why the object of research was to establish the effectiveness of inhibitory properties of mixtures of inorganic salts during interaction with the flame and enabling interplay with wood. A synergistic increase in the inhibitory capacity of mixtures of aqueous solutions of salts of diammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate at a ratio of 2:1, and for a mixture based on orthophosphoric acid, urea, and oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid in the concentration range of 20–25 % by mass, has been proven. During the interaction of the specified mixtures with the wood surface, it was found that after application to the wood surface, the dispersed component of the free energy of the wood surface decreased to zero; instead, the polar component increased 13 times, which indicates a change in the wood surface. During the tests of wood samples on the effect of the burner flame, it was found that the untreated sample ignited on second 53, and the flame spread throughout the sample for 102 s. On the other hand, the samples treated with a mixture of an aqueous solution of phosphate and ammonium sulfate, as well as a mixture of aqueous solutions based on orthophosphoric acid and urea and oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, did not catch fire, the flame did not spread over the surface, and the flammability index was 0. The practical significance is that the results were taken into account when designing flame retardant compositions for wood. Thus, there are reasons to assert the possibility of targeted regulation of wood protection processes through the use of mixtures of inorganic salts capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material that inhibits the burning of wood
References
- Zhao, Z., Zhang, Z., Sun, C., Xu, M., Li, B. (2024). A novel macromolecular phosphorus-nitrogen containing flame retardant for polycarbonate. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 220, 110648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110648
- Yu, M., Chu, Y., Xie, W., Fang, L., Zhang, O., Ren, M., Sun, J. (2024). Phosphorus-containing reactive compounds to prepare fire-resistant vinyl resin for composites: Effects of flame retardant structures on properties and mechanisms. Chemical Engineering Journal, 480, 148167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.148167
- Li, X., Ji, S., Mou, Q., Chen, Z., Li, X. (2023). Evaluation of flammability for bamboo products treated with water-soluble flame retardants. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 19 (2), 302–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/17480272.2023.2241036
- Wang, B., Ye, R., Guo, Z., Li, J., Fang, Z., Ran, S. (2023). Thermal stability and fire safety of polycarbonate flame retarded by the brominated flame retardant and a non-antimony synergistic agent. Journal of Polymer Research, 30 (6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-023-03586-w
- Yan, D., Chen, D., Tan, J., Yuan, L., Huang, Z., Zou, D. et al. (2023). Synergistic flame retardant effect of a new N-P flame retardant on poplar wood density board. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 211, 110331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110331
- Lyu, P., Hou, Y., Hu, J., Liu, Y., Zhao, L., Feng, C. et al. (2022). Composites Filled with Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives: Recent Developments in Flame Retardants. Polymers, 14 (23), 5279. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235279
- Liu, B., Liu, P., Ma, Z., Chola, M., Chen, M., Guo, H. et al. (2024). Chemical, pyrolysis, combustion properties and mechanism analysis of wood treated with biomass-based carrageenan-collagen modified ammonium polyphosphate. Surfaces and Interfaces, 46, 104121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2024.104121
- Thomas, A., Arun, M., Moinuddin, K., Joseph, P. (2020). Mechanistic Aspects of Condensed- and Gaseous-Phase Activities of Some Phosphorus-Containing Fire Retardants. Polymers, 12 (8), 1801. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081801
- Lahtela, V., Turku, I., Kärki, T. (2023). A review of flame protection of wooden material and future potential with nano additives. Baltic Forestry, 29 (2), 636. https://doi.org/10.46490/bf636
- Mi, Z., Chu, F., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Song, L. (2024). Eco-friendly preparation of advanced epoxy composites and their pyrolysis and flame retardant mechanisms. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 224, 110749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110749
- Ma, C., Wang, J., Yuan, Y., Mu, X., Pan, Y. et al. (2019). An insight into gas phase flame retardant mechanisms of AHP versus AlPi in PBT: Online pyrolysis vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Combustion and Flame, 209, 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.08.020
- Tsapko, Y., Tsapko, A., Likhnyovskyi, R., Sukhanevych, M., Slutska, O., Lialina, N., Bondarenko, O. (2024). Identifying the regularities of n-heptane flame inhibition by inorganic compounds. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2 (10 (128)), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.301322
- Horbachova, O., Tsapko, Y., Mazurchuk, S., Tsapko, O. (2022). Mobile technology of thermal modification of wood. Ukrainian Journal of Forest and Wood Science, 13 (3), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.31548/forest.13(3).2022.22-31
- Rekiel, E., Zdziennicka, A., Jańczuk, B. (2021). Mutual influence of ethanol and surfactin on their wetting and adhesion properties. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 627, 127161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127161
- Tsapko, Y., Tsapko, А. (2018). Establishment of fire protective effectiveness of reed treated with an impregnating solution and coatings. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 4 (10 (94)), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.141030
- Tsapko, Y., Tsapko, А., Bondarenko, O. (2019). Effect of a flameretardant coating on the burning parameters of wood samples. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2 (10 (98)), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.163591
- Tsapko, Y., Vasylyshyn, R., Melnyk, O., Lomaha, V., Tsapko, А., Bondarenko, O. (2021). Regularities in the washing out of water-soluble phosphorus-ammonium salts from the fire-protective coatings of timber through a polyurethane shell. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2 (10 (110)), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229458
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Yuriy Tsapko, Аleksii Tsapko, Sergii Zhartovskyi, Ruslan Likhnyovskyi, Maryna Kravchenko, Natalia Lialina, Yurii Berezovskyi, Kostiantyn Kaveryn, Yuriy Sarapin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.
