Structural performance evaluation of mobile solar-powered battery swap station for electric motorcycles

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.318787

Keywords:

battery swap, EV infrastructure, solar-powered charging, mobile station, electric motorcycle

Abstract

This study introduces a structural design and static analysis of a Mobile Battery Swap Station for electric motorcycles, powered by solar energy, to address the critical need for sustainable and off-grid charging infrastructure. As the adoption of electric motorcycles continues to grow, driven by the demand for eco-friendly transportation alternatives, the lack of widespread and accessible charging infrastructure poses a significant barrier to their widespread use. In many regions, the expansion of traditional grid-connected charging stations is hindered by high installation costs, space limitations in urban environments, and logistical challenges in remote or underserved areas. The design focuses on a robust, mobile frame made from hollow iron of AISI 1010 steel, supporting the integration of photovoltaic (PV) panels to supply renewable energy directly to the battery-swapping system. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), the station’s structural integrity was evaluated under a uniformly distributed load of 700 kg, simulating real-world loading conditions for components essential to electric motorcycle operations, including PV mounts and battery racks. Results show a maximum displacement of 4.541 mm, a peak stress of 57.716 MPa, and a Factor of Safety (FOS) of 2.9, confirming the design’s ability to securely and stably support the necessary equipment for battery swapping. This mobile, solar-powered solution advances sustainable infrastructure for electric motorcycles, enabling flexible, grid-independent battery swapping that is particularly beneficial in urban areas and remote locations. This station contributes to greener mobility solutions tailored for electric motorcycles, aligning with broader efforts to support eco-friendly transportation systems

Author Biographies

Sonki Prasetya, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Doctor of Mechanical Engineering, Assistance Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Haolia Rahman, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Muhammad Todaro, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Muhammad Hidayat Tullah, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Eka Prasetyono, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Department of Electrical Engineering

Jazuli Fadil, Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin

Doctor of Electrical Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

Mochamad Ari Bagus Nugroho, Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya

Department of Electrical Engineering

Teguh Suprianto, Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin

Doctor of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Lauhil Mahfudz Hayusman, Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin

Master of Electrical Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

Fuad Zainuri, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Doctor of Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

References

  1. Jaiswal, K. K., Chowdhury, C. R., Yadav, D., Verma, R., Dutta, S., Jaiswal, K. S. et al. (2022). Renewable and sustainable clean energy development and impact on social, economic, and environmental health. Energy Nexus, 7, 100118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100118
  2. Afifa, Arshad, K., Hussain, N., Ashraf, M. H., Saleem, M. Z. (2024). Air pollution and climate change as grand challenges to sustainability. Science of The Total Environment, 928, 172370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172370
  3. Xin, X., Zhang, T., Li, C., Liu, Y., Gao, L., Du, Y. (2023). A Battery Electric Vehicle Transportation Network Design Model with Bounded Rational Travelers. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2023, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6506169
  4. Whulanza, Y. (2023). Progressing the Sustainable Mobility: View of Electric Vehicles. International Journal of Technology, 14 (3), 455. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v14i3.6465
  5. Hossain, M. S., Kumar, L., Islam, M. M., Selvaraj, J. (2022). A Comprehensive Review on the Integration of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Development. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2022, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3868388
  6. Cui, K., Li, W., Wang, M., He, Z. (2023). The Impacts of Electric Vehicle Scale-up Development on Emission Reduction: Mapping the Field and Providing a Research Agenda. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 32 (5), 4639–4651. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/168135
  7. Alhuyi Nazari, M., Blazek, V., Prokop, L., Misak, S., Prabaharan, N. (2024). Electric vehicle charging by use of renewable energy technologies: A comprehensive and updated review. Computers and Electrical Engineering, 118, 109401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2024.109401
  8. Rahmania, A. D., Sutopo, W., Rochani, R. (2023). Innovation and Technology Readiness Level of Mobile Charging Station Swap Battery: A Conceptual Study. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 1906–1915. https://doi.org/10.46254/ap03.20220324
  9. Sutopo, W., Prianjani, D., Fahma, F., Pujiyanto, E., Rasli, A., Kowang, T. O. (2022). Open Innovation in Developing an Early Standardization of Battery Swapping According to the Indonesian National Standard for Electric Motorcycle Applications. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8 (4), 219. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040219
  10. Istiqomah, S., Sutopo, W., Hisjam, M., Wicaksono, H. (2022). Optimizing Electric Motorcycle-Charging Station Locations for Easy Accessibility and Public Benefit: A Case Study in Surakarta. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 13 (12), 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj13120232
  11. Wang, Z. (2023). Battery Swapping of New Energy Vehicles. Annual Report on the Big Data of New Energy Vehicle in China (2022), 223–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6411-6_6
  12. Patel, C., Topiwala, K. D., Ansari, S., Patel, H. (2020). Design and Fabrication of Electric Motorcycle. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 9 (04). Available at: https://www.ijert.org/research/design-and-fabrication-of-electric-motorcycle-IJERTV9IS040294.pdf
  13. Liu, Y., Lai, I. K. W. (2020). The Effects of Environmental Policy and the Perception of Electric Motorcycles on the Acceptance of Electric Motorcycles: An Empirical Study in Macau. Sage Open, 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899091
  14. Chandra, P. N., Dash, A. K. (2023). Design of a Battery Cabinet for Electric Scooters to Facilitate Battery Swapping. SAE Technical Paper Series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5025
  15. Li, J., He, S., Yang, Q., Ma, T., Wei, Z. (2023). Optimal Design of the EV Charging Station With Retired Battery Systems Against Charging Demand Uncertainty. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 19 (3), 3262–3273. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3175718
  16. Chen, X., Xing, K., Ni, F., Wu, Y., Xia, Y. (2022). An Electric Vehicle Battery-Swapping System: Concept, Architectures, and Implementations. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 14 (5), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2021.3119935
  17. Al-Zaidi, W. K. M., Inan, A. (2024). Optimal Planning of Battery Swapping Stations Incorporating Dynamic Network Reconfiguration Considering Technical Aspects of the Power Grid. Applied Sciences, 14 (9), 3795. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093795
  18. Feng, Y., Lu, X. (2022). Deployment and Operation of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Two-Wheelers Based on Machine Learning. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2022, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8351412
  19. Sun, B., Tan, X., Tsang, D. H. K. (2018). Optimal Charging Operation of Battery Swapping and Charging Stations With QoS Guarantee. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9 (5), 4689–4701. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2017.2666815
  20. Shao, S., Guo, S., Qiu, X. (2017). A Mobile Battery Swapping Service for Electric Vehicles Based on a Battery Swapping Van. Energies, 10 (10), 1667. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101667
  21. Thangavel, S., Mohanraj, D., Girijaprasanna, T., Raju, S., Dhanamjayulu, C., Muyeen, S. M. (2023). A Comprehensive Review on Electric Vehicle: Battery Management System, Charging Station, Traction Motors. IEEE Access, 11, 20994–21019. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3250221
  22. Sen, K., Rajkumar, G. (2023). Solar Powered Charging Station for Electric Vehicle. Journal of Electrical Engineering and Automation, 5 (2), 238–251. https://doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2023.2.007
  23. Biya, T. S., Sindhu, M. R. (2019). Design and Power Management of Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Energy Storage System. 2019 3rd International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). https://doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2019.8821896
  24. Shariff, S. M., Alam, M. S., Ahmad, F., Rafat, Y., Asghar, M. S. J., Khan, S. (2020). System Design and Realization of a Solar-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Station. IEEE Systems Journal, 14 (2), 2748–2758. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2931880
  25. Puglieri, F. N., Ometto, A. R., Salvador, R., Barros, M. V., Piekarski, C. M., Rodrigues, I. M., Diegoli Netto, O. (2020). An Environmental and Operational Analysis of Quality Function Deployment-Based Methods. Sustainability, 12 (8), 3486. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083486
  26. Frizziero, L., Donnici, G., Galiè, G., Pala, G., Pilla, M., Zamagna, E. (2022). QFD and SDE Methods Applied to Autonomous Minibus Redesign and an Innovative Mobile Charging System (MBS). Inventions, 8 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010001
  27. Shen, Y., Zhou, J., Pantelous, A. A., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z. (2022). A voice of the customer real-time strategy: An integrated quality function deployment approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 169, 108233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108233
  28. Wu, H. (2022). A Survey of Battery Swapping Stations for Electric Vehicles: Operation Modes and Decision Scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 23 (8), 10163–10185. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2021.3125861
  29. Vijay Kumar, M., Rudresh, N., Narisi Reddy, T. (2020). An Experimental Investigation of Machining Parameters on AISI 1010 Material by Taguchi’s L18 Method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 22, 2832–2838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.415
  30. Bahia, T. H. A., Idan, A. R., Athab, K. R. (2023). The Effect of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in Enhancing Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8 (1), e01156. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i1.1156
  31. Yang, Z., Lei, Q., Sun, J., Hu, X., Zhang, Y. (2022). Strategizing battery swap service: Self-operation or authorization? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 110, 103411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103411
  32. Vallera, A. M., Nunes, P. M., Brito, M. C. (2021). Why we need battery swapping technology. Energy Policy, 157, 112481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112481
  33. Elhegazy, H., Ebid, A., Mahdi, I., Haggag, S., Abdul-Rashied, I. (2020). Implementing QFD in decision making for selecting the optimal structural system for buildings. Construction Innovation, 21 (2), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1108/ci-12-2019-0149
  34. Pradhan, S., Ghose, D., Shabbiruddin. (2021). Planning and design of suitable sites for electric vehicle charging station– a case study. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 14 (3), 404–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2020.1862347
  35. Tullah, M. H., Sumarsono, D. A., Susanto, I., Zainuri, F., Prasetya, S., Noval, R. et al. (2023). Design and evaluation of hollow frame structures for the development of urban-centric two-passenger electric vehicles. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5 (7 (125)), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.289232
  36. Mudaliar, N., Khubalkar, S. (2023). Design, Simulation and Analysis of Solar Powered Electric Vehicle Charging station. 2023 IEEE Renewable Energy and Sustainable E-Mobility Conference (RESEM). https://doi.org/10.1109/resem57584.2023.10236428
  37. Thomas, D. J. (2016). Using Finite Element Analysis to Assess and Prevent the Failure of Safety Critical Structures. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 17 (1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0217-8
Structural performance evaluation of mobile solar-powered battery swap station for electric motorcycles

Downloads

Published

2024-12-30

How to Cite

Prasetya, S., Rahman, H., Todaro, M., Tullah, M. H., Prasetyono, E., Fadil, J., Nugroho, M. A. B., Suprianto, T., Hayusman, L. M., & Zainuri, F. (2024). Structural performance evaluation of mobile solar-powered battery swap station for electric motorcycles. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6(8 (132), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.318787

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 8 (132) (2024): Energy-saving technologies and equipment

Section

Energy-saving technologies and equipment

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Sonki Prasetya, Haolia Rahman, Muhammad Todaro, Muhammad Hidayat Tullah, Eka Prasetyono, Jazuli Fadil, Mochamad Ari Bagus Nugroho, Teguh Suprianto, Lauhil Mahfudz Hayusman, Fuad Zainuri

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.

A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.