A research of chemical nature and surface properties of plant disperse fillers

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.193383

Keywords:

plant waste, surface, chemical nature, functional group, acid-base characteristics

Abstract

Chemical nature and surface properties of plant disperse fillers are investigated: buckwheat (BH) and oat (OH) husk, wood (WF) and conifer flour (CF). Using IR spectroscopy, it was found that oxygen-containing atomic groups –OH, –C–O–, –C=O prevail in the filler components. It was found that a hydroxyl-hydrate layer of functional groups is present on the surface of air-dry fillers. By potentiometric titration of aqueous suspensions using the Parks–Bobyrenko method, it was determined that all fillers are of the «polyfunctional solid» type. It is shown that the hydroxyl-hydrate surface layer consists of functional groups with similar values of acid-base characteristics. Functional groups of acidic nature were additionally found on the surface of the fillers: groups with pKa≈4.37−5.66 on the BH surface, groups with pKa≈4.49−4.90 on the CF surface and groups with pKa≈3.91−4.30 on the WF surface. As a result of potentiometric titration, it was shown that the surface acidity of the fillers decreases in the WF>CF>BH>ОH series, which coincides with the one in which the total cellulose and lignin content decreases, and the resistance of fillers to thermal-oxidative breakdown increases. It was found that the rate of hydrolytic processes in aqueous suspensions at the interface decreases in the ОH>CF>BH>WF series and inversely depends on the concentration of functional groups on the surface of the fillers, and also that the change in the rate of hydrolytic processes at the interface depending on the content of fillers is described by step functions. It is revealed that for the effective use of the studied disperse waste in composite materials and as adsorbents for the extraction of pollutants, dispersion media with the following ranges of the hydrogen index are required: for BH − pH>4.4; OH − pH>6.4; WF − pH>3.9; CF − pH>4.5. The results obtained make it possible to predict and control acid-base interfacial interactions, as well as reasonably approach the development of new effective technologies

Author Biographies

Yuliya Danchenko, Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Sumska str., 40, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Department of General Chemistry

 

Artem Kariev, Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Sumska str., 40, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002

Postgraduate Student

Department of General Chemistry

Vladimir Andronov, National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine Chernyshevska str., 94, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61023

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor

Research Center

Anna Cherkashina, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Kyrpychova str., 2, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Technology of Plastics and Biological Active Polymer

Vladimir Lebedev, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Kyrpychova str., 2, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Technology of Plastics and Biological Active Polymer

Tetiana Shkolnikova, National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" Kyrpychova str., 2, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry

Oleksii Burlutskyi, Ukrainian State University of Railway Transport Feierbakha sq., 7, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61050

PhD

Department of Mechanics and Machine Design

Anatoliy Kosse, National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine Chernyshevska str., 94, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61023

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Fire Prevention in Settlements

Yuriy Lutsenko, National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine Chernyshevska str., 94, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61023

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Fire Prevention in Settlements

Dayana Yavors'ka, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Svobody sq., 4, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61022

Department of Ecological Safety and Environmental Education

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Published

2020-02-29

How to Cite

Danchenko, Y., Kariev, A., Andronov, V., Cherkashina, A., Lebedev, V., Shkolnikova, T., Burlutskyi, O., Kosse, A., Lutsenko, Y., & Yavors’ka, D. (2020). A research of chemical nature and surface properties of plant disperse fillers. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 1(6 (103), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.193383

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 6 (103) (2020): Technology organic and inorganic substances

Section

Technology organic and inorganic substances

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Copyright (c) 2020 Yuliya Danchenko, Artem Kariev, Vladimir Andronov, Anna Cherkashina, Vladimir Lebedev, Tetiana Shkolnikova, Oleksii Burlutskyi, Anatoliy Kosse, Yuriy Lutsenko, Dayana Yavors'ka

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