THE DISCOURSE OF FICTION OF THE 1920’S. REGARDING ISSUES OF SEXUAL MORALITY, WAY OF LIFE, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY RELATIONS OF THE YOUTH

Abstract

The discourse of fiction and criticism has always been closely connected with ideological, so the studying of this topic is a special value for researchers because it reveals to them those aspects of human life that have not been presented in official documents. Answers to modern questions of sexual education, sex-role socialization of children and adolescents can be seen in the mirror of history. Our society in 1920’s have experienced global shocks. Some social institutions (religion, morality, ethics) break; others (upbringing, education, family) – has undergone a qualitative change. In fact, it was the time of the formation of a new social reality. The discourse of fiction of the 1920s presented in the study publications N. Brykin, G. Vashchenko, V. Kalinnikov, A. Kollontai, N. Western, K. Gumilevsky, F. Gladkov, P. Romanov, S. Malashkin, V. Rudin etc. They most clearly reflected the innovations of the relationship between the sexes, sex-role process of socialization of youth, which reflected different (including ugly ways) started the construction of «a new life», family relations, new relations between men and women. Fiction describes the life of people, their customs and actions, sometimes expressing not a General but subjective view of events from the authors. In works of this literature women are often viewed as a socially «backward element» that requires a focused public-political influence (including labour mobilization for the construction of a socialist society). At this time a print out novels B. Pilnyak «The Naked year», I. Rudin «Commonwealth», L. Gumilevskogo «Dog lane», reply S. Malashkin «The Moon on the right side», Yu. Lebedinskogo «Tomorrow», Pilnyak «Ivan-da-Marya», the stories of Boris Pilnyak’s «Birth of man», P. Grassroots «Gentiles», P. Romanov «Love», «No bird cherry» and «The trial of the pioneer» Andrey Platonov «Antisenses» etc, that was created in the context of arguments about free love. The works listed above has today gone down in history and known only to specialists. However, in the 1920-ies books of these authors were the main reading of young people, above all the proletarian youth is exactly the sort of reader who has become a major influenced by Soviet ideology. Some of the analyzed works has gained immense popularity among its readers, becoming the subject of heated discussion not only in literary criticism, but also in lecture halls, factories and the clubs. The well-known Patriotic teacher G. Vashchenko said, «the contagion of immorality did not pass by the Ukraine», referring to Ukrainian writers. From this point of view is very characteristic roman N. Wave «Vallisneri». The main character of the novel, moscovian Aglaia, a lot of «floofy», but behaves like a shameless whore. The hero of the novel, Dmitri Karamazov shamelessly and without the smallest hesitation, cheating on his wife and behaves like eroman-sadist. An example of immoral views may be cynical-pornographic «Dr. Seraphicus» by Domontovich, the «Miraculous beam» by Kosach, «The divine lies devour» by Kostecki. So, we have to admit the close relationship between the problems of the state social policy and its impact on moral values, principles, norms, values and ideals in the moral consciousness of society, which is directly reflected in the then public discourses, in particular fiction, and displays the process sex-role socialization of young people.