LIFE AND CREATIVE HERIATAGE BY GRIGORIY PAVLUTSKIY: CULTURAL ASPECT

Abstract

There is presented social and political situation inUkraineat the end of the XIXth century. It is established that one of the founders of the Ukrainian school of art criticism was G. Pavlutskiy. There is viewed the historiography of the investigation namely works by N. Krasnitskaya, V. Afanasieva, O. Storchaiy, N. Nimenko,E. Kolesnik, A. Puchkov,  O. Denisenko, I. Udris and others.

It is established that G. Pavlutskiy was born on the 19th of January1861 inKiev, he was graduated from the University by St. Vladimir. He got his Doctor’s degree in the theory and history of Art inDortmundUniversityin some time.

There is characterized the scientific heritage by G. Pavlutskiy, which can be divided into three parts: antique art (especially architecture), Ukrainian art (mainly architecture), world and modern art (from antique to new futurism). There established that his first student publication "Kornelia Tacita "Dialogue about the orators: To the question of authors "Talks about orators" saw the world on the pages of "University bulletin".

There is analyzed the pedeagogical activity by G. Pavlutskiy inKievschool of art by M. Murashka andKievUniversityby St. Vladimir. There is established that the subjects that were delivered by the scientist: the course of antique culture was enriched with the lectures from Byzantine Empire and Europe history of Middle Ages and Renaissance epochs, Russian and neoclassic art as well as national art of Ukraine.

It is proved that inKievUniversity G. Pavlutskiy became the first representative of the university science, who basing on his knowledge and experience fully concentrated scientific interests on the investigation of Ukrainian image formation.

There presented an active participation of the scientist in the work of the ХІ Archaeological Congress inKiev. It is established that from this time the sphere of the researcher’s scientific interests is enlarging cardinally and Ukrainian architecture becomes the basic topic of his scientific works, especially wooden church architecture. It’s marked that the researcher investigated and analyzed the objects of churches inKiev,Cherkassy, Volinji and Podilya in the ХVІІ at the beginning of the ХІХ centuries. Among them wooden and stone sacral buildings in Vinnitsya, Polonogo, Chudunov, Tripillija, Tarasha and many other Ukrainian cities and villages.

It is marked that G. Pavlutskiy was involved into the work of writing multivolumed "The History of Russian Art" where his article "Evolution of Byzantia forms in Kiev and Chernigiv Rus" was published and the part which was dedicated to the Ukrainian architecture of the ХVІІ – ХVІІІ centuries, which the author named "Baroque of Ukraine".

It is proved that G. Pavlutskiy logically reflects the point that international styles, especially Byzantine and Baroque styles, getting into the cultural surrounding of east Europe, were reconsidered by local masters in national spirits, the result of which were cultural and artistic facts.

It is established that the researcher showed some interest to the history of Byzantine art: he highlighted a great role ofConstantinoplein the process of creative synthesizing of different methods and ways worked out in the art schools of Christian East, late antiquity which laid down the foundations of original Byzantine style. It is shown that the attitude of G. Pavlutskiy to modern art processes namely cubism and new futurism.

There characterized the participation of G. Pavlutskiy in the work of many public organizations of scientific, cultural and public trends: Historical Association of Nestor’s Chronicles, Moscow Archeological Association, Kiev Artists’ Association, the Association of Ukrainian plastic workers.

There viewed the activity by G. Pavlutskiy in the organization of Ukrainian national and cultural establishments and High Schools, namely The Ukrainian Academy of Art, The Ukrainian National University, Kiev State University, historical and philology department of Ukrainian Academy of Science. It is marked the scientist’s activity concerning the adaptation of Ukrainian language into the sphere of High Education.

There showed the scientist’s work which was done for the sake of preserving ancient memorials ofUkraineand returning to the cultural values, especially formRussiatoUkraine. It is marked that G. Pavlutskiy as a member of interdepartmental "Cultural commission under Ukrainian World delegation" called for transmission toUkrainenot only cultural and historical memorials but also general cultural acquisitions of Russian Empire which were made by common labour of all nations.

There established that G. Pavlutskiy died on the 15th of March 1924 when he was64 inKiev. There characterized his latest work, which was dedicated to the investigation of history of Ukrainian ornament that was published in 1926. There defined the structure of the work: the author after general description of the early period of the Ukrainian ornament in a separate parts views "feral ornament", "geometrical ornament", "ornament of the Renaissance" and adds that the material finishes at the ХVІІІ century.

There also viewed G. Pavlutskiy’s contribution into the establishment and the development of the domestic art criticism. It is marked some interest not only for contemporary researches but also for all nationally oriented successors as a unique example of service to the concern of universal values.