Skansen: present and future development

Abstract

The article is dedicated to the designation of the modern tendency of open-air museums development (skansens). It is proved that a priority of development is complex, which includes exposure of Ethnography and arhiolohiyi different regions of the country. Scientists are constantly working on improving the forms of museum display. Traditional approaches that have developed over decades, is now in need of further improvement. Therefore, the search for new forms of exposure is a matter of very urgent. Museumification integrates a museum needs of humanity on immovable monuments of culture. Historically, that museumification cultural monuments begins with the monuments. Today Skansen (open air museum) is the main museum for the preservation and demonstration muzeyefikovanyh attractions, including – archaeological sites. However, their use and development, there are different approaches. Scientifically grounded museumification restoration and archaeological sites begins with the Renaissance. The first attempts museification ancient ruins to the early XVI century. The first scientific contribution to the restoration and museumification made by J. Winckelmann. At the end of XVII century. UK proposed the use of Stonehenge excursion purposes. Questions about museumification this outstanding monument is broken in the XVIII century. Ferdinand Keller pile explored Neolithic settlements . One of the earliest archaeological sites muzeyefikovanyh becomes Tsar Barrow in Kerch. In the nineteenth century. begins museumification and in Ukraine. Also museumification some archeological developed the idea of creating a museum of archaeological sites in the open. For the first time, this idea appears in the XVIII century. In 1891, a prominent anthropologist and professor Arthur Hezelius founded now known all over the world "Skansen" in Stockholm. The second half of XIX century. characterized by the appearance of a number museification archaeological sites that are authentic open-air museum. Basically it was a Neolithic settlement culture kyokken – moddinh. One of the first attempts to create open-air museum on the territory of Ukraine was carried out during the exhibition dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the liberation of the Polish uprising of 1794. The open air museum in Oslo organized in 1897 In 1901 a similar museum was founded in Copenhagen. Another country that has created Skansen was Finland. At the beginning of XX century. muzeyefikuyetsya the Acropolis in Athens. In 1924 he was created Olbian reserve. He successfully developed yet. At this time, there was almost no theoretical and methodological papers, where the practice of creating summarized Skansen or put forward to the general requirements for archaeological, claiming to museumification. In fact it was the first step in the legislative protection of the archaeological heritage. At the beginning of XX century famous Russian restorer P.P.Pokryshkin treats the restoration as researchbased repair. The same view is taken already in Soviet times and I.Ye.Hrabar. However, these principles and design used exclusively in the restoration of architectural monuments of later eras. In Pereyaslivskomu open-air museum presents the reconstruction of some archaeological sites: the stone stele Chalcolithic era, bronze objects from Dobranychivskoyi Late parking rannopolovetske sanctuary excavated expedition IA Zaporizhzhya National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Chernyahovsk housing and housing Kievan Rus altar bronze Age, pottery kiln, commercial and industrial complex Tripoli culture. The modern open-air museum is like a museum complex that has exposure of immovable monuments erected in separate bands, inscribed into the landscape, covering all stages of settlement in the Ukraine humanity, starting with the oldest age. Only such museum in the present conditions may develop its infrastructure and centers be true preservation of cultural heritage is not only the citizens of Ukraine, but also their predecessors. An example of an archaeological open-air museum is Hodosivskyy archaeological complex. The complex includes attractions Mesolithic, Chalcolithic, Early and Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age of early monuments, the ancient and medieval monuments in XVIII century. inclusive. In this article we have tried to outline the main points in the development of open-air museum. The priority direction in the development of open-air museum is complex. Skansen this type has exposure not only on the ethnography and archeology of the country. We must seek to maximize the full presentation in the exhibition attractions in all regions of Ukraine. Archaeology likely to be represented by the local sights, but here we must extend the exposure. Monuments are on display for the ensemble principle by enrolling sights in the landscape. Exposure of Monuments is supplemented by archaeological finds discovered during excavations diversify it.