METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THOUGHT HUMAN DIMENSIONS OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL STUDIES

Abstract

The article is based on an interdisciplinary approach by bringing methodological strategies philosophical and historical scientific knowledge, grounded methodological principles of human understanding of the phenomenon in

historical and cultural studies. It is shown that the problem of man has always appeared to philosophy, philosophical

anthropology (NA Berdyaev, Buber M., A. Gehlen, W. Dilthey, G. Plesner, M. Shelyer et al.) And almost all the areas of philosophy of the twentieth century, among them – a philosophy of life, and ekzystentsionalizm personalism, psychoanalysis and neofreydizm, phenomenology, hermeneutics, structuralism (E. Durkheim,                    M. Moss, B. Malinowski, Margaret Mead, L. Levy-Bruhl, Levi-Strauss, E. Taylor, J. Frazer, Freud, Erich Fromm, V. Frankl, V. Turner, Piaget, J. Huizinga, Sartre, E. Cassirer, Foucault et al.). Cultural Studies as an interdisciplinary, integrative research area of knowledge can be represented among modern anthropological studies in the humanities with their own interdisciplinary matrix in which the human problem arises from the standpoint of understanding the value created by its semantic content-the evolution of spiritual and cultural forms.

It is noted that the search for new, appropriate to the current state of scientific knowledge, methodologies are a

sign of all areas of modern humanities. This process describes the dynamics of the modern and cultural knowledge, as discussed in the works of contemporary domestic and foreign researchers (O. Astaf'eva, M. Alexandrova,                   P. Bogucki, M. Brovko, P. Herchanivska, P. Huryevych, M.. Kagan, V. Levin, V. Rozin, S. Nyeryetina, A. Flier et al.). Based on the analysis of the conceptual foundations of problems in the history and theory of culture scientists developed the foundations of cultural knowledge as the methodology of individual cultural phenomena, and integral stages in the development of artistic and historical process.

Organic interdependence of human communication and culture are the subject of reflection kulturfilosofskoyi thoughts as always konstytuyuvalasya culture in human history as a phenomenon, which is a generalized diverse form of ownership rights to the world. Given the interdisciplinary nature of cultural studies, as well as taking a statement that it, along with philosophy of history is the most "old" and often interpenetrating sciences, in the bosom of which was born the cultural opinion, the article made reference to cognitive strategies have produced philosophical and historical knowledge.

From the standpoint of philosophical reflection on the relation of man and culture, there are three levels of interaction: hands-on, practical and intellectual, spiritual and theoretical. Bottom level is found in the creation of a real man of his "second nature" – cultural objects and processes and in the same real creation of human culture; practical and spiritual level opryyavnyuyetsya in mythological, religious and artistic understanding of human culture, just as she vividly interprets the natural and social life; spiritual and theoretical level realized in the study of human culture and human culture – the existential consciousness, as well as different types of knowledge – philosophy, a religion and more.

Thus, all three levels of human communication and culture manifested bilateral – man creates culture and culture creates man Involvement in the context of cultural studies and methodological approaches of historical knowledge it provides a conceptual understanding of how the relationship between the present and the past that meets the requirements of the deep cultural and scientific thought of today. Historical research provides a scientific reconstruction of history. For these reconstructions characteristic: the reliance on historical facts and historical material; use for historical explanation means and instruments of various human sciences – sociology, psychology, semiotics and, indeed, culture.

In terms of the methodology of cultural knowledge and new understanding becomes itself a historical fact, as history taught as a set of events and the facts alone, on which the whole historical science, but based on the study of events, situations and forms in their not clever, and the usual, ordinary, trivial terms that inherent in their cultural science

reading. Taken in such a historical fact appears as an important cultural phenomenon, the interpretation of which can

detect the features of the historical dynamics of culture and the implementation of social life as an individual and entire community.

Particular importance is the question of the expansion of cultural studies their subject areas, all of which are based on an integrated approach allows to solve problems systematically and structural generalization test material to

identify functional parameters and semantically universal culture, as well as identifying specific features and peculiarities of Ukrainian culture.