The evolution of sculpture: from traditional materials to digital technologies

Abstract

The purpose of the publication is to highlight the stages of the evolution of sculpture, the impact of technological innovations on the development of this art form, in particular on changes in materials, methods of creation, and ways of interacting with works of art in the digital age. The research methodology consists in applying a number of methods, namely: historical, structural-functional, phenomenological, which allows for a deeper analysis of the evolution of sculpture through the prism of technological changes, to consider the structure and functions of new technological methods, and also to understand the experience of perceiving these changes as a phenomenon in contemporary art. An analytical approach was used to study the historical stages of the development of sculpture, including a review of classical and modern methods. A comparative method was also used to analyse changes in materials and techniques, as well as a descriptive method to characterise the introduction of digital technologies into sculpture. The scientific novelty lies in the comprehensive review of key changes that have occurred in sculpture due to the latest innovations, which allows for a new understanding of the process of transformation of this type of art. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that the development of technologies has changed not only the way sculptures are created, but also their perception by viewers. The problem of the impact of technological innovations on traditional forms of sculpture was considered, in particular, on changes in materials, methods of creation, and ways of interacting with the viewer. Traditional materials such as clay, sandstone, stone, bronze, metal, wood have been complemented by new technologies such as 3D printing and virtual and augmented reality, which has allowed to expand the boundaries of art and create interactive works that take sculpture beyond the boundaries of physical space. The changes that occurred during the transition from physical materials to digital technologies have posed questions for artists about preserving authenticity, the role of materiality, and adapting sculpture to the new conditions of digital reality. The future of sculpture will be even more interactive and adaptive thanks to the introduction of artificial intelligence and new digital tools.