Formation of Ukrainian Style in Interiors of Public and Residential Buildings in Ukraine in the First Third of the 20th Century

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to analyse the interiors of public and residential buildings of Ukraine in the first third of the twentieth century. To outline the main principles of fine arts aimed at turning to sources of folk art, the inseparable combination of architecture, sculpture and monumental painting, which creates a holistic artistic image. The research methodology is to apply the art approach to historical and artistic analysis of the interiors of public and residential buildings of Ukraine in the first third of the twentieth century, consideration of characteristic features. The scientific novelty is to justify the phenomenon of the use of folk motifs and a combination with the style of modernity, constructivism as important components in preserving national cultural identity. Conclusions. The results of the study in the first third of the 20th century cover the peculiarities of artistic decisions of famous artists (V. Krychevskyi, O. Slastion, A. Zhdakh, M. Boichuk, O. Saienko) in public and residential interiors of Ukraine’s structures. The principles of understanding of traditional art and its active transformation are defined in combination with modern artistic directions and creating a single interior image. The active use of decorative arts is emphasised: weaving, ceramics, woodworking, combination of different types of arts in the interior. The appeal to the deep foundations of folk culture revealed the identity of the Ukrainian people, contributed to the formation of Ukrainian style in residential and public interiors by means of laconic form, plastics, the creation of image and the system of colour. The series of interiors of O. Saienko shows not only the interior decoration of the premises, but also the development of their own works (carpets, decorative fabrics, furniture, ceramics, stated mosaic panels, paintings-fries) that created unique synthesis of arts in the interior.