Influence of the alloy composition on determining the millesimal fineness of gold by X-ray fluorescent and assay analysis

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.142730

Keywords:

gold alloys, alloy composition, X-ray fluorescence analysis, method of cupellation (assay analysis), millesimal fineness, assay control

Abstract

The conducted studies revealed the influence of the methods of cupellation and the XFA on the accuracy of determining the millesimal fineness in the system of the assay control. The effect of the alloy composition of jewelry alloys on determining millesimal fineness was established. In particular, it was experimentally proved that nickel in combination with zinc as an integrated alloying component substantially changes the cupellation process of gold alloys. This leads to deviation of the millesimal fineness of a gold alloy, determined by cupellation compared with the X-ray fluorescent analysis (XFA) towards a decrease ranging from 0.10 to 0.15 %.

The research of gold alloys with the content of nickel with the help of the XFA revealed microalloying by modifiers and actively acting deoxidizing agents (indium, palladium, platinum, etc.). It was established that modifiers are used both separately and in complex, but they do not make a significant impact on determining the millesimal fineness.

A number of systemic and random errors in techniques, which affect the results of determining and are related to the technique of performing preparatory operations, as well as analyses operation, were detected. Based on the obtained results, the permanent temperature mode was developed and the procedure of the process of cupellation of gold alloys with the content of nickel was improved with a view to further improvement and metrological certification of the procedure.

It was proved that the use of the XFA method for control of millesimal fineness and the content of the component composition of modern gold-based pieces of jewelry and museum values (antiques) is possible not only as the method of screening. The method can replace the touchstone (with obvious advantages), and be an alternative to cupellation. Application of the XFA for current control of millesimal fineness and the content of an alloy of jewelry pieces is advisable to increase up to 30 % (against 2 % in accordance with the current legislation). Its use will make it possible to increase the number of analyzed samples without worsening the trading presentation of the jewelry pieces of a customer

Author Biographies

Tatyana Artyukh, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska str., 60, Kyiv, Ukraine, 01601

Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor

Department of Environmental Management and Entrepreneurship

Inna Hryhorenko, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics Soborna str., 87, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21050

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Commodity, Expertise and Commercial Activities

Alla Ternova, Vinnytsia Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics Soborna str., 87, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21050

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Commodity, Expertise and Commercial Activities

Svitlana Yaheliuk, Lutsk National Technical University Lvivska str., 75, Lutsk, Ukraine, 43018

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Commodity Reseach and Expertise in Customs

Mihai Cernavca, Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova (University) Banulescu-Bodoni str., 61, Chisinau, Moldova, 2005

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Commerce, Tourism and Public Catering

References

  1. Konventsiya z vyprobuvan ta kleimuvannia vyrobiv z dorohotsinnykh metaliv. Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy. Available at: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/998_397
  2. Artiukh, T. M., Hryhorenko, I. V. (2015). Forecasting of properties of jeweller alloys on the basis of gold in system Au-Ag-Cu. Technology audit and production reserves, 6 (7 (26)), 17–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.54877
  3. Artiukh, T. M., Chernyshova, A. S. (2010). Doslidzhennia vplyvu lehuiuchoi komponenty biloho zolota na yakist ta bezpechnist osobystykh prykras. Tovaroznavstvo ta innovatsiyi, 2, 20–26.
  4. Artiukh, T. M., Hryhorenko, I. V. (2015). Formation of consumer properties of jeweller alloys on the basis of 585 fineness gold with modifying components. Technology audit and production reserves, 3 (4 (23)), 42–48. doi: https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2015.43824
  5. Pro zatverdzhennia Instruktsiyi pro zdiysnennia derzhavnoho ekspertno-probirnoho kontroliu za yakistiu yuvelirnykh ta pobutovykh vyrobiv z dorohotsinnykh metaliv: Nakaz M-va finansiv Ukrainy vid 20.10. 99 No. 244 (2001). Dorohotsinni metaly i dorohotsinne kaminnia. Zakonodavchi i normatyvno-pravovi akty. Kyiv: ArtEk, 226–296.
  6. Metodyka vykonannia vymiriuvan masovoi chastky zolota, sribla, platyny, paladiyu, midi, nikeliu, tsynku, indiyu, kadmiyu ta haliyu u yuvelirnykh splavakh zolota renthenofluorestsentnym metodom na spektrometri enerhiy renthenivskoho vyprominiuvannia CEP-01: svidotstvo «Ukrmetrteststandart» No. 081/12-0522-08 vid 24.03.2008 r. (2009). Kyiv: DPS Minfinu Ukrainy, 32.
  7. Finkelstein, N. P. (1962). A critical review of methods for the assay and analysis of high purity gold bullion. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 62 (12), 700–711.
  8. Brill, M., Wiedemann, K.-H. (1992). Determination of gold in gold jewellery alloys by ICP spectrometry. Gold Bulletin, 25 (1), 13–26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03214719
  9. Švegl, G. I., Božič, I. (2002). Quantitative chemical analysis of gold in precious metal alloys: application of a gold alloy reference material for the control of the stability of experimental parameters. Central European conference on reference materials and measurements.
  10. Švegl, G. I., Majer, M., Majcen, N. (2001). Kvantitativno določevanje plemenitih kovin v zlitinah z gravimetrično metodo-kupelacija in z rentgensko fluorescenčno analizo (RFA). Slovenski kemijski dnevi, 41–46.
  11. Freudenberger, J., Rafaja, D., Geissler, D., Giebeler, L., Ullrich, C., Kauffmann, A. et. al. (2017). Face Centred Cubic Multi-Component Equiatomic Solid Solutions in the Au-Cu-Ni-Pd-Pt System. Metals, 7 (4), 135. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/met7040135
  12. McIntosh, K. S., Auer, D., Koch, K. R., Eksteen, J. J. (2006). Integrating pyrometallurgy and robotic systems engineering: Fully automated fire assay laboratory for rapid PGE analysis. Minerals Engineering, 19 (3), 219–231. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2005.05.012
  13. Rejali, F., Rezaei, B. (2018). Effects of iridium content on the physical, microstructure, and assay of gold alloys during the cupellation process. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 15 (10), 2339–2348. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1422-z
  14. Del Hoyo-Meléndez, J. M., Świt, P., Matosz, M., Woźniak, M., Klisińska-Kopacz, A., Bratasz, Ł. (2015). Micro-XRF analysis of silver coins from medieval Poland. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 349, 6–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.02.018
  15. Buccolieri, A., Castellano, A., Degl’Innocenti, E., Cesareo, R., Casciaro, R., Buccolieri, G. (2017). EDXRF analysis of gold jewelry from the Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy. X-Ray Spectrometry, 46 (5), 421–426. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2761
  16. Radtke, M., Reinholz, U., Gebhard, R. (2016). Synchrotron Radiation-Induced X-Ray Fluorescence (SRXRF) Analyses Of The Bernstorf Gold. Archaeometry, 59 (5), 891–899. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12294
  17. Rößiger, V., Nensel, B. (2003). Non destructive analysis of gold alloys using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Gold Bulletin, 36 (4), 125–137. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03215503
  18. Jurado-López, A., de Castro, L., Pérez-Morales, R. (2006). Application of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence to jewellery samples determining gold and silver. Gold Bulletin, 39 (1), 16–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03215528
  19. Metodyka vykonannia vymiriuvan masovoi chastky zolota v zoloto-sribnykh, zoloto-midnykh i zoloto-sribno-midnykh splavakh metodom kupeliuvannia: svidotstvo «Ukrmetrteststandart» No. MVV 081/12-0668-09 (2010). Kyiv: DPS Minfinu Ukrainy, 18.

Downloads

Published

2018-09-21

How to Cite

Artyukh, T., Hryhorenko, I., Ternova, A., Yaheliuk, S., & Cernavca, M. (2018). Influence of the alloy composition on determining the millesimal fineness of gold by X-ray fluorescent and assay analysis. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 5(12 (95), 6–18. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.142730

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 12 (95) (2018): Materials Science

Section

Materials Science

License

Copyright (c) 2018 Tatyana Artyukh, Inna Hryhorenko, Alla Ternova, Svitlana Yaheliuk, Mihai Cernavca

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.

A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.