The role of modifications and components of raw materials from the viewpoint of technological processes of waste formation

Abstract

The data on the methods of suppressing waste generation in the source of origin, that is the technological process have been presented. Making reference to the provision on thermodynamic dualism in a technological process based, inter alia, on the research made by I. Prigogin, it is proposed to сonfirm the meaning of the raw materials used in the technological process as a multicomponent substance that is subjected to a certain energy effect. It has been shown that nonequilibrium self-organization of component transitions of the raw materials results from a sharp decrease in the reversible part of the system entropy due to redistribution with its irreversible part. The possibilities of the transition from irreversibility to reversibility may be of interest from the point of view of waste generation processes, such as the rejection of thermodynamic dualism in the technological processes by means of engineering methods, just because these processes are closely related to the distinguishing feature of the transformation of that part of the raw material, which then acquires the necessary properties of the commercial product, and which are initially programmed in this technology, with a predetermined energy impact. The paper argues that it is the multicomponent nature of the raw material that is the reason for the fact that the production system is initially in a state of thermodynamic disequilibrium as related to some of these components. The work expands the knowledge regarding the relationships between the thermodynamic flows and the forces for various methods of substances transformation, first presented by I. Prigozhin. The fulfillment of the condition  and  is the reduction of the production system to final equilibrium by eliminating waste generation processes and replacing them with processes of such transformations. which results in the appearance of new commercial products within the same technological process. The paper considers the case when the reversible part of the entropy of the system is minimal, but larger than its irreversible part. It is only possible if the change in the state of each component of the raw material is achieved by the minimum impact of a certain type of energy. And conditions are shown under which the distribution of the components of the raw material between the resulting product and the waste is normal. There is an explanation of the fact that it is the uniform energy influence that causes the thermodynamic bi-unity, when different components of the raw materials are related to different reactions that impart some of them the state of product properties and the other the state of waste properties. It has been shown that high-quality energy impact within the framework of a single production system is the basis for each component of the raw material base to find its own functional operator. Therefore, the thermodynamic bi-unity in the technological process can be broken in favor of strong disequilibrium only by the use of other energy sources that will be technologically adapted to the component (ideally, the whole) structure of the raw material base of this process