Analysis of the causes of additional blowings in converter steel production and ways of their elimination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.40.2020.216183Keywords:
steel smelting, scrap, pig iron, additional blowings, adjustment, limestone, cokeAbstract
The article analyzes the work of the oxygen-converter shop of PJSC «ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih». It has been shown that almost half of the total number of additional oxygen blowings (~ 44%) is necessitated by the temperature. In order to improve the conditions of steel smelting and to reduce resource costs, calculations have been performed and new technological solutions in steel smelting to reduce the number of additional oxygen blowings have been found. The study of real smeltings demonstrated the need for corrective operations in the steel smelting using metal scrap of different types. For example, the use of cast iron requires an additional consumption of limestone in the amount of 130-140 kg per 1t of cast iron to reduce the amount of heat entering the bath. It is shown that the use of this technique makes it possible to decrease the number of additional blowings caused by the carbon amount as well as the increased temperature of the melting. It has been concluded that the most effective method of technological process control in smelting with cast iron is the integrated use of limestone and additional application of the nomogram of the dependence of silicon content in cast iron and lime consumption. Smeltings with the use of scrap exhibit a clear relationship between the amount of scrap in the charge and the temperature of the melt in the first dump. To compensate for temperature fluctuations caused by the addition of scrap, it is recommended to add ground coke in the amount of 120 kg per each ton of scrap. Calculations show that in this case, the required temperature close to 1610°C and the given carbon content are achieved in 75% of cases. The addition of «gantry» scrap to the charge has a number of uncontrolled effects on the process due to significant fluctuations in the chemical composition of this type of metal charge. The most technologically feasible solution to problems with additional blowings when using «gantry» scrap is fire cutting of the scrap. If such an operation is impossible, it is recommended to overheat the metal by 30°C to increase the degree of its penetrationReferences
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