Simulation of structure formation in the Fe–C–Cr–Ni–Si surfacing materials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.124129Keywords:
wear-resistant coating, thermodynamic simulation, equilibrium crystallization, chromium carbides, chromium eutectic, austeniteAbstract
The paper investigates the formation of equilibrium phase state in the surfacing materials 300Cr25Ni3Si3 and 500Cr40Ni40Si2BZr, obtained by electric arc surfacing that employs powder tapes PL AN-101 and PL AN-111. This makes it possible to determine the relationship between chemical composition of the tape and the structure of the formed coating. To examine the patterns of phase transformations during crystallization, we applied thermodynamic simulation using the "Thermo-Calc Software". Phase diagrams of the system Fe-Cr-Ni-Si-C were constructed and analyzed; it was established that the alloys in equilibrium belong to the hypereutectic alloys. Their crystallization starts with the formation of primary carbides М7С3 with a hexagonal lattice and ends with the eutectic transformation "Liquid ® Austenite + М7С3". The alloy 500Cr40Ni40Si2BZr at a temperature below 1,081 °C undergoes carbide transformations М7С3«М3С2. In the alloy 300Cr25Ni3Si3, austenite partially transforms into ferrite in a temperature range below 830 °C. At 600 °C, the alloys consist of the following phases: the alloy 300Cr25Ni3Si3 ‒ austenite, ferrite, and carbide М7С3; the alloy 500Cr40Ni40Si2BZr ‒ austenite and carbides М7С3 and M3C2. It was established that the molar fraction of carbides in the alloy 500Cr40Ni40Si2BZr is considerably higher than that in the alloy 300Cr25Ni3Si3 (56 mol. % and 41 mol. %, respectively). We analyzed a change in the volumetric fraction and phase chemical composition of the alloys depending on temperature. The data obtained make it possible to predict the behavior of alloys under specific operating conditions.
References
- Voronchuk, A. P. (2014). Poroshkovye lenty dlya iznosostoykoy naplavki. Avtomaticheskaya svarka, 6-7, 75–78.
- Chigarev, V. V., Belik, A. G. (2012). Flux-cored strips for surfacing. Welding International, 26 (12), 975–979. doi: 10.1080/09507116.2012.694643
- Zhudra, A. P., Voronchuk, A. P. (2012). Naplavochnye poroshkovye lenty. Avtomaticheskaya svarka, 1, 39–44.
- Jia, X., Zuo, X., Liu, Y., Chen, N., Rong, Y. (2015). High Wear Resistance of White Cast Iron Treated by Novel Process: Principle and Mechanism. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 46 (12), 5514–5525. doi: 10.1007/s11661-015-3137-4
- Bedolla-Jacuinde, A., Guerra, F. V., Mejía, I., Zuno-Silva, J., Rainforth, M. (2015). Abrasive wear of V–Nb–Ti alloyed high-chromium white irons. Wear, 332-333, 1006–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2015.01.049
- Efremenko, V. G., Shimizu, K., Cheiliakh, A. P., Pastukhova, T. V., Chabak, Y. G., Kusumoto, K. (2016). Abrasive resistance of metastable V–Cr–Mn–Ni spheroidal carbide cast irons using the factorial design method. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, 23 (6), 645–657. doi: 10.1007/s12613-016-1277-1
- Youping M., Xiulan L., Yugao L., Shuyi Z., Xiaoming D. (2012). Effect of Ti-V-Nb-Mo Addition on Microstructure of High Chromium Cast Iron. China Foundry, 9 (2), 148–153.
- Efremenko, V. G., Chabak, Y. G., Lekatou, A., Karantzalis, A. E., Shimizu, K., Fedun, V. I. et. al. (2016). Pulsed plasma deposition of Fe-C-Cr-W coating on high-Cr-cast iron: Effect of layered morphology and heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness. Surface and Coatings Technology, 304, 293–305. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.07.016
- Efremenko, V. G., Shimizu, K., Pastukhova, T. V., Chabak, Y. G., Kusumoto, K., Efremenko, A. V. (2017). Effect of bulk heat treatment and plasma surface hardening on the microstructure and erosion wear resistance of complex-alloyed cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides. Journal of Friction and Wear, 38 (1), 58–64. doi: 10.3103/s1068366617010056
- Tang, X. H., Chung, R., Pang, C. J., Li, D. Y., Hinckley, B., Dolman, K. (2011). Microstructure of high (45wt.%) chromium cast irons and their resistances to wear and corrosion. Wear, 271 (9-10), 1426–1431. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2010.11.047
- Imurai, S., Thanachayanont, C., Pearce, J. T. H., Chairuangsri, T. (2015). Microstructure And Erosion-Corrosion Behaviour Of As-Cast High Chromium White Irons Containing Molybdenum In Aqueous Sulfuric-Acid Slurry. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 60 (2), 919–923. doi: 10.1515/amm-2015-0230
- Efremenko, V. G., Chabak, Y. G., Lekatou, A., Karantzalis, A. E., Efremenko, A. V. (2016). High-Temperature Oxidation and Decarburization of 14.55 wt pct Cr-Cast Iron in Dry Air Atmosphere. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47 (4), 1529–1543. doi: 10.1007/s11661-016-3336-7
- Malinov, V. L., Chigarev, V. V., Vorob'ev, V. V. (2012). Novye poroshkovye lenty dlya naplavki detaley, rabotayushchih v usloviyah abrazivnogo i gazoabrazivnogo vozdeystviya. Zakhyst metalurhiynykh mashyn vid polomok, 14, 252–258.
- Lin, C.-M., Chang, C.-M., Chen, J.-H., Hsieh, C.-C., Wu, W. (2010). Microstructure and wear characteristics of high-carbon Cr-based alloy claddings formed by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Surface and Coatings Technology, 205 (7), 2590–2596. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.10.004
- Yüksel, N., Şahin, S. (2014). Wear behavior–hardness–microstructure relation of Fe–Cr–C and Fe–Cr–C–B based hardfacing alloys. Materials & Design, 58, 491–498. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.032
- Ilinykh, N., Krivorogova, A. (2017). Thermodynamic modeling of fluxing alloys of Ni-C-Cr-Si-B system. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 226 (5), 1115–1121. doi: 10.1140/epjst/e2016-60240-0
- Yang, Y., Fu, H., Lei, Y., Wang, K., Zhu, L., Jiang, L. (2015). Phase Diagram Calculation and Analyze on Cast High-Boron High-Speed Steel. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 25 (2), 409–420. doi: 10.1007/s11665-015-1847-9
- Samsonov, G. V. (Ed.) (1970). Tugoplavkie karbidy. Kyiv: Naukova dumka, 276.
- Ostash, O. P., Kulyk, V. V., Poznyakov, V. D., Haivorons’kyi, O. A., Markashova, L. I., Vira, V. V. et. al. (2017). Fatigue crack growth resistance of welded joints simulating the weld-repaired railway wheels metal. Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, 2 (86), 49–52. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.4885
- Tang, X. H., Li, L., Hinckley, B., Dolman, K., Parent, L., Li, D. Y. (2015). Beneficial Effects of the Core–Shell Structure of Primary Carbides in High-Cr (45 wt%) White Cast Irons on Their Mechanical Behavior and Wear Resistance. Tribology Letters, 58 (3). doi: 10.1007/s11249-015-0522-5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Bohdan Efremenko, Alexander Belik, Yuliia Chabak, Hossam Halfa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.