Studying the emissions from enterprises in the breadmaking industry in order to use them as additives to animal feed products
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2018.141013Keywords:
bread-making industry, equipment, grain dust, physical properties of dust, chemical composition, recycling, scheme, feed additives, animal feed granules, criteria of efficiencyAbstract
We have investigated the concentration, physical properties and chemical composition of dust formed in the equipment at enterprises in the bread-making industry, depending on the character of production and a place of its formation.
It was established that the dust concentration varies from 130 to 640 g/m3. The physical properties of dust are as follows: bulk density ‒ 350‒570 kg/m3, mineral substance ‒ 0.6‒7.8 %; variance at d=50 µm is from 3.8 to 18, and at d=5 μm, from 1.7 to 6.3. The chemical composition of dust, % per dry matter, is: starch ‒ (17‒75), protein ‒ (0.2‒18), pentosanes ‒ (2.0‒6.2), fat ‒ (0.2‒3.6), sugar ‒ (1.7‒58), cellulose ‒ (0.8‒48).
The results obtained indicate that the maximum values of dust concentrations are reached in the units of grain preparation for processing (equipment for treating grain surface at a preparatory unit of the mill, 640 g/m3). Minimal values are reached at the silo-bottom conveyors of grain elevator, 130 g/m3. Ash content varies from 0.6 % (flour dust in the mill's grinding unit rollers) to 7.8 % (grain dust in the silo-bottom conveyors of grain elevator).
Bulk density varies from 350 kg/m3 in the mixer at a feed plant to 570 kg/m3 in the silo-bottom conveyors of grain elevator.
The most disperse particles form in the mill's grinding unit rollers, and the least disperse ones are in the grain elevator's equipment.
The chemical composition of dust, % per dry matter, is: ‒ starch (17‒75), protein ‒ (0.2‒18), pentosanes ‒ (2.0‒6.2), fat ‒ (0.2‒3.6), sugar ‒ (1.7‒58), cellulose ‒ (0.8‒48).
Chemical composition represented by carbohydrates, proteins, fats, mineral substances, allows us to resolve the task on processing grain and flour dust.
The data obtained might prove useful when solving the issue of processing grain and flour dust. The grain and flour dust is a valuable secondary resource, easily reproduced, a cheap and readily available source of raw materials for animal feed additives after appropriate treatment.
Given the volume, physical properties and chemical composition of dust generated at enterprises of the bread-making industry, we have developed the scheme for processing it, as well as the liquid waste when applying the wet method of grain preparation for processing, into carbohydrate-protein feed additives in the form of a biomass for animal feed.
The scheme for processing waste, bran, and grain dust into feed granules is developed, in order to store them better and utilize during feed production.
The efficiency of processing and utilization of waste at an enterprise in the bread-making industry is represented by a set of integral criteria that characterize the quantitative and qualitative aspects of this process. The comprehensive integral technological process efficiency criterion makes it possible to identify reserves for improvement at particular enterprise. The integral criterion of the effectiveness of the technological process Кefficiency. should approach its maximum value (Кefficiency.→1). The lower its values for a given enterprise, the larger the reserves to improve the processReferences
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Copyright (c) 2018 Melentii Zatserkliannyi, Viktor Gogunskii, Yury Semenyuk, Tatyana Stolevich, Yuriy Zheliba
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