Development of dissimilar metal joining method for CP-Ti and SS-316L using gtaw with tin babbitt filler rod

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2025.320930

Keywords:

dissimilar metal joining, CP-Ti, SS-316L, Tin Babbitt, GTAW

Abstract

Dissimilar metal joining between commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) and stainless steel 316L (SS-316L) poses challenges due to thermal property differences and brittle intermetallic compound formation. This study examines weldability and joint characteristics under varying welding currents (185A, 195A, 205A) and backing plate conditions. The main challenge is ensuring weld integrity while minimizing intermetallic compounds and defects that degrade mechanical properties. Non-destructive testing, metallography, SEM-EDS, and hardness testing were conducted. Results indicate that without a backing plate, hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of SS-316L increased with welding current, from 160.7 HV at 185 A to 167.5 HV at 205 A. In CP-Ti, hardness rose from 148 HV at 185 A to 160.7 HV at 205 A. With a backing plate, SS-316L HAZ hardness peaked at 185 A (182.7 HV) but decreased to 167.5 HV at 205 A. Similarly, CP-Ti hardness was lower with a backing plate (154 HV at 205 A BP). Sensitization in SS-316L was detected but remained mild. The tin babbitt filler rod suppressed brittle Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds due to its high thermal conductivity and low melting point, ensuring better heat distribution. This reduced cracking risks at the fusion line and improved bonding. However, porosity remained an issue, particularly in SS-316L joints, increasing at higher currents and potentially leading to microcracks. Controlling welding parameters and shielding conditions was crucial to minimizing porosity and enhancing joint quality. These findings confirm that optimizing welding parameters and environmental control reduces intermetallic compounds and porosity, improving GTAW feasibility for on-field welding in applications such as heat exchangers, piping, and pressure vessels

Author Biographies

Binar Ade Anugra, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical), Master of Engineering (Materials), Professional Engineer

Department of Materials Science and Engineering

Raden Dadan Ramdan, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

Doctor, Bachelor of Engineering, Master of Engineering, Professional Engineer

Department of Material Science and Engineering

Wahyudiono Wahyudiono, PT Pupuk Kujang Cikampek

Welder Specialist

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Development of dissimilar metal joining method for CP-Ti and SS-316L using gtaw with tin babbitt filler rod

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Published

2025-02-28

How to Cite

Anugra, B. A., Ramdan, R. D., & Wahyudiono, W. (2025). Development of dissimilar metal joining method for CP-Ti and SS-316L using gtaw with tin babbitt filler rod. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 1(12 (133), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2025.320930

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 12 (133) (2025): Materials Science

Section

Materials Science

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Copyright (c) 2025 Binar Ade Anugra, Raden Dadan Ramdan, Wahyudiono Wahyudiono

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