Analysis of the effect of ionic conductivity of electrolyte materials on the solid oxide fuel cell performance

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.227230

Keywords:

SOFC, ionic conductivity, electrolyte, power performance, COMSOL Multiphysics, YSZ, GDC

Abstract

SOFC solid electrolytes are known for their ionic conductivity characteristics, which increase with increasing SOFC operating temperature. Using COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation, analysis of SOFC power performance with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and lithium sodium carbonate – gadolinium-doped ceria ({LiNa}2CO3-GDC) electrolytes was conducted to determine the potential of these electrolytes in their application in SOFC. The ionic conductivity of YSZ was differentiated based on the mole value of the yttria content, namely 8, 8.95, 10 and 11.54 mol. Meanwhile, GDC varied based on the (LiNa)2CO3 content such as 7.8, 10, 16.8 and 30 %. With the numerical model, the calculation error is an average of 7.32 % and 6.89 % for the experimental power and voltage values. In SOFC with the YSZ electrolyte, it was found that the power output can increase 26.4–35 times with an increase in operating temperature from 500 °C to 750 °C. SOFC with 8YSZ can produce the highest power compared to other YSZ, which is 123 A/m2 at a current of 198 A/m2 with an operating temperature of 500 °C and 3,440 A/m2 at a current of 5,549 A/m2 with an operating temperature of 750 °C. Whereas in SOFC with the GDC electrolyte, it was found that the power output can increase 18.6–22.6 times with an increase in operating temperature from 500 °C to 750 °C. SOFC with 30 % (LiNa)2CO3-GDC produced the highest power compared to other GDC, which is 231 A/m2 at a current of 444 A/m2 with an operating temperature of 500 °C and 5,240 A/m2 at a current of 10,077 A/m2 with an operating temperature of 750 °C. YSZ also showed the potential for an increase in power output as the SOFC temperature increases above 750 °C, while the 30 % variation (LiNa)2CO3-GDC shows a limited increase in ionic conductivity at 750 °C

Author Biographies

Mega Nur Sasongko, Brawijaya University

Doctorate in Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Fahrizal Perdana, Brawijaya University

Master Student in Mechanical Engineering

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Widya Wijayanti, Brawijaya University

Associate Professor

Department of Mechanical Engineering

References

  1. Mahato, N., Banerjee, A., Gupta, A., Omar, S., Balani, K. (2015). Progress in material selection for solid oxide fuel cell technology: A review. Progress in Materials Science, 72, 141–337. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2015.01.001
  2. Stambouli, A. B., Traversa, E. (2002). Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs): a review of an environmentally clean and efficient source of energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6 (5), 433–455. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-0321(02)00014-x
  3. Xu, H., Chen, B., Tan, P., Xuan, J., Maroto-Valer, M. M., Farrusseng, D. et. al. (2019). Modeling of all-porous solid oxide fuel cells with a focus on the electrolyte porosity design. Applied Energy, 235, 602–611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.069
  4. Lyu, Y., Xie, J., Wang, D., Wang, J. (2020). Review of cell performance in solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Materials Science, 55 (17), 7184–7207. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-04497-7
  5. Hussain, S., Yangping, L. (2020). Review of solid oxide fuel cell materials: cathode, anode, and electrolyte. Energy Transitions, 4 (2), 113–126. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41825-020-00029-8
  6. Mahato, N., Gupta, A., Balani, K. (2012). Doped zirconia and ceria-based electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells: a review. Nanomaterials and Energy, 1 (1), 27–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1680/nme.11.00004
  7. Goswami, N., Kant, R. (2019). Theory for impedance response of grain and grain boundary in solid state electrolyte. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 835, 227–238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.01.035
  8. Brodnikovska, I., Korsunska, N., Khomenkova, L., Polishchuk, Y., Lavoryk, S., Brychevskyi, M. et. al. (2019). Grains, grain boundaries and total ionic conductivity of 10Sc1CeSZ and 8YSZ solid electrolytes affected by crystalline structure and dopant content. Materials Today: Proceedings, 6, 79–85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.078
  9. Ren, Y., Chen, K., Chen, R., Liu, T., Zhang, Y., Nan, C.-W. (2015). Oxide Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 98 (12), 3603–3623. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13844
  10. Dokmaingam, P., Areesinpitak, S., Laosiripojana, N. (2017). Transient Modeling of Tubular-Designed IIR-SOFC Fueled by Methane, Methanol, and Ethanol. Engineering Journal, 21 (3), 235–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2017.21.3.235
  11. Basu, S. (Ed.) (2007). Recent trends in fuel cell science and technology. Springer, 375. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68815-2
  12. Ge, L., Jiao, J., zhu, Z., Zhang, Q., Zheng, Y., Chen, H., Guo, L. (2019). A facile method to fabricate proton-conducting BaZr0·85Y0·15O3-δ electrolyte with a large grain size and high conductivity. Ceramics International, 45 (18), 24946–24952. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.202
  13. Ahamer, C., Opitz, A. K., Rupp, G. M., Fleig, J. (2017). Revisiting the Temperature Dependent Ionic Conductivity of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ). Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 164 (7), F790–F803. doi: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0641707jes
  14. Khan, I., Tiwari, P. K., Basu, S. (2019). Development of melt infiltrated gadolinium doped ceria-carbonate composite electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta, 294, 1–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.030
  15. Lee, S., Kim, H., Yoon, K. J., Son, J.-W., Lee, J.-H., Kim, B.-K. et. al. (2016). The effect of fuel utilization on heat and mass transfer within solid oxide fuel cells examined by three-dimensional numerical simulations. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 97, 77–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.02.001
  16. Kaya, M. F., Demir, N., Genç, G., Yapici, H. (2014). Numerically Modeling of Anode Supported Tubular SOFC. Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering, 3 (1). doi: https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9873.1000137
  17. Nam, J. H., Jeon, D. H. (2006). A comprehensive micro-scale model for transport and reaction in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta, 51 (17), 3446–3460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.09.041
  18. Chinda, P., Chanchaona, S., Brault, P., Wechsatol, W. (2011). Mathematical Modeling of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Nearly Spherical-Shaped Electrode Particles. HAL. Available at: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00581564/document
  19. Current Density Distribution in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Available at: https://www.comsol.com/model/current-density-distribution-in-a-solid-oxide-fuel-cell-514
  20. Timurkutluk, B., Celik, S., Timurkutluk, C., Mat, M. D., Kaplan, Y. (2012). Novel electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells with improved mechanical properties. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37 (18), 13499–13509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.06.103
  21. Ilbas, M., Kumuk, B. (2019). Numerical modelling of a cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) in comparison with an electrolyte-supported model. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92 (3), 682–692. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2018.03.004
  22. Saccà, A., Gatto, I., Carbone, A., Pedicini, R., Maisano, S., Stassi, A., Passalacqua, E. (2019). Influence of doping level in Yttria-Stabilised-Zirconia (YSZ) based-fillers as degradation inhibitors for proton exchange membranes fuel cells (PEMFCs) in drastic conditions. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44 (59), 31445–31457. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.026
  23. Chockalingam, R., Basu, S. (2011). Impedance spectroscopy studies of Gd-CeO2-(LiNa)CO3 nano composite electrolytes for low temperature SOFC applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36 (22), 14977–14983. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.03.165
  24. Venkataramana, K., Madhuri, C., Suresh Reddy, Y., Bhikshamaiah, G., Vishnuvardhan Reddy, C. (2017). Structural, electrical and thermal expansion studies of tri-doped ceria electrolyte materials for IT-SOFCs. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 719, 97–107. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.022

Downloads

Published

2021-06-18

How to Cite

Sasongko, M. N., Perdana, F., & Wijayanti, W. (2021). Analysis of the effect of ionic conductivity of electrolyte materials on the solid oxide fuel cell performance . Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3(6 (111), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.227230

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 6 (111) (2021): Technology organic and inorganic substances

Section

Technology organic and inorganic substances

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Mega Nur Sasongko, Fahrizal Perdana, Widya Wijayanti

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.

A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.