Analysis of loss on single-phase dry transformers with non-linear load
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.240233Keywords:
Dry Transformer, Single-Phase, Non-Linear Load, Loss, Derating factor, Total Harmonic DistortionAbstract
The paper studies power losses in transformers due to non-linear loads. The research aims to analyze the power loss in a single-phase dry transformer under a non-linear load. The research uses an SW43W Power supply type, FlukeView Power Quality Analyzer as a DC or AC power supply on the primary side of the transformer. The non-linear load is connected to the secondary side. The loading test of the dry transformer was carried out at non-linear loads. The load variations used 0 %; 12.5 %; 25 %; 37.5 %; 50 %; 62.5 %; 75 %; 87.5 % and 100 %, as well as variations in the THD value by adjusting the ignition angle (α). The non-linear loads used are Half-Wave Rectifier and Controlled Half-Wave Rectifier with resistive loads with variations in THD values. The results showed that the transformer losses comprised Pno load and Pload. The operation of the transformer with constant input voltage and frequency with THDv<5 % resulted in a constant Pno load value at all load values. The greater the percentage of the load, the higher the load. The increase in THD because of non-linear load will increase the load on the transformer. The value of the derating factor is obtained by connecting the increase in losses (∆PLosses), which is influenced by THD and the increase in temperature T(°C) in dry transformers. When the transformer is loaded with a non-linear load, the derating factor<1. THD and derating factor form a linear relationship, when THD increases, the derating factor value decreases. Linear load on the transformer causes a decrease in its capacity, but if it gets a non-linear load with THD=39.1 %, it can withstand a load of 84.294 %, besides the increase in total harmonic distortion will increase losses and reduce transformer capacity
References
- Grady, M. (2012). Understanding Power System Harmonics. Available at: https://web.ecs.baylor.edu/faculty/grady/understanding_power_system_harmonics_grady_april_2012.pdf
- Mehrdad, M., Stanek, E. K., Jannati, A. S. Influence of Voltage and Current Harmonics on Behavior of Electric Devices. Available at: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.519.4171&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Rexhepi, V. (2017). An Analysis of Power Transformer Outages and Reliability Monitoring. Energy Procedia, 141, 418–422. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.053
- Godina, R., Rodrigues, E., Matias, J., Catalão, J. (2015). Effect of Loads and Other Key Factors on Oil-Transformer Ageing: Sustainability Benefits and Challenges. Energies, 8 (10), 12147–12186. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en81012147
- Sadati, S. B., Tahani, A., Darvishi, B., Dargahi, M., Yousefi, H. (2008). Comparison of distribution transformer losses and capacity under linear and harmonic loads. 2008 IEEE 2nd International Power and Energy Conference. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/pecon.2008.4762661
- Jayasinghe, R. N., Lucas, J. R., Perera, K. B. I. M. (2003). Power system harmonic effects on distribution transformers and new design considerations for K factor transformers. IEE Sri Lanka Annual Sessions.
- EL Sebaay, A., Ramadan, M., Adma, M. A. A. (2017). Studying the Effect of Non-Linear Loads Harmonics on Electric Generator Power Rating Selection. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 13 (18), 548. doi: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n18p548
- Kim, J.-G., Kim, J.-M. (2017). A study on the current & load unbalance factor in using linear & nonlinear load. The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers, 66 (8), 1291–1296. doi: https://doi.org/10.5370/KIEE.2017.66.8.1291
- Dalila, M. S., Khalid, M. N., Md Shah, M. (2009). Distribution transformer losses evaluation under non-linear load. 2009 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference.
- Azbar, N. M., Jaffal, H. M., Freegah, B. (2020). Enhancement of the Thermal Performance Characteristics of an Electrical Power Transformer. Engineering Science & Technology, 2 (1), 94–112. doi: https://doi.org/10.37256/est.132020487
- Zynal, H. I., Yass, A. A. (2012). The Effect of Harmonic Distortion on a Three phase Transformer Losses. Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 3 (5), 255–261. Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.408.5299&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Singh, J., Singh, S., Singh, A. (2017). Effect of Harmonics on Distribution Transformer Losses and Capacity. International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research, 4 (6), 48–55. Available at: http://www.ijetsr.com/images/short_pdf/1497277266_ieted683_ijetsr.pdf
- Sajani, T. (2018). Design of the power feeding system for electrified railways case study: panadura- veyangoda railway sector. University of Moratuwa. Available at: http://dl.lib.uom.lk/bitstream/handle/123/13427/Full-thesis.pdf?sequence=1
- Papechen, P., Sebastian, S. (2016). A New RS Based Encryption Scheme for Wireless Communication. International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, 4 (6), 268–272. Available at: https://www.ijireeice.com/upload/2016/june-16/IJIREEICE%2061.pdf
- Olivares-Galván, J. C., Georgilakis, P. S., Ocon-Valdez, R. (2009). A Review of Transformer Losses. Electric Power Components and Systems, 37 (9), 1046–1062. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15325000902918990
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Harrij Mukti Khristiana, Sudjito Soeparman, Slamet Wahyudi, Rini Nur Hasanah
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.