Critical parameters shift in classical fluids under the influence of nanoparticle additives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2014.31644Keywords:
nanofluid, critical point, nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene, titanium dioxide, zinc oxideAbstract
The last decade has brought a growing number of studies about nanofluids as perspective working fluids with abnormally high thermal conductivity and a huge potential for intensifying heat and mass transfer. Despite the abundance of published research papers on nanofluid heat and mass transfer, the critical properties of these systems have been hardly considered at all. The key factors that determine the thermodynamic properties and the phase behavior of working fluids are the critical point for pure liquids and the critical lines for binary mixtures.
Therefore, we have devised a thermodynamic model for estimating the impact of nanoparticles upon the shift of the critical point and the balance line between fluid and steam for traditional working fluids. Using the model, we have estimated the shift of the critical point for a classical working fluid—carbon dioxide—with additives of structured carbonic materials (nanotubes, fullerenes, and graphene flakes) and metal oxides (titanium and silicon dioxides as well as zinc and copper oxides).
The research findings prove a positive shift of the critical temperature and density of the system point with increasing density of nanoparticle material.
Knowing the critical point is as important as taking into account the characteristics of heat and mass transfer because addition of nanostructured materials changes both the thermal and dynamic surface of nanofluids and the topology of their phase behavior.
References
- Maxwell, J. A. (1891). Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, London : Oxford university press. (Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1954)
- Happel, J. (1958). Viscous flow in multiparticle systems: slow motion of fluids relative to beds of spherical particles, AIChE Journal, 4 (2), 197–201. doi: 10.1002/aic.690040214
- Hamilton, R. L., Crosser, O. K. (1962). Thermal conductivity of heterogeneous two-component systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1 (3), 187–191. doi: 10.1021/i160003a005
- Ahuja, A. S. (1975). Augmentation of heat transport in laminar flow of polystyrene suspensions. I. Experiments and results. Journal of Applied Physics, 46 (8), 3408–3416. doi: 10.1063/1.322107
- Das, S. K., Choi, S. U. S., Yu, W., Pradeep, T. (2007). Nanofluids: science and Technology, New Jersey: Wiley, 146.
- Choi, S. U. S., Eastman, J. A. (1995). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles, in Proc. of International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition, San Francisco, CA, 12–17.
- Eastman, J. A., Choi, S. U. S., Li, S., Yu, W., Thompson, L. J. (2001). Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles. Applied Physics Letters, 78 (6), 718–720. doi: 10.1063/1.1341218
- Wang, X., Xu, X., Choi, S. U. S. (1999). Thermal Conductivity of Nanoparticle – Fluid Mixture. Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, 13 (4), 474–480. doi: 10.2514/2.6486
- Putnam, S. A., Cahill, D. G., Braun, P. V., Ge, Z., Shimmin, R. G. (2006). Thermal conductivity of nanoparticle suspensions. Journal of Applied Physics, 99 (8), 084308. doi: 10.1063/1.2189933
- Keblinski, P., Eastman, J. A., Cahill, D. G. (2005). Nanofluids for thermal transport, Materials Today, 8 (6), 36–44. doi: 10.1016/s1369-7021(05)70936-6
- Lee, J. H., Lee, S. H., Choi, C. J., Jang, S. P., Choi, S. U. S. (2010). A review of thermal conductivity data, mechanisms and models for nanofluids. International Journal of Micro-Nano Scale Transport, 1 (4), 269–322. doi: 10.1260/1759-3093.1.4.269
- Yu, W., France, D. M., Routbort, J. L., Choi, S. U. S. (2008). Review and comparison of nanofluid thermal conductivity and heat transfer enhancements. Heat Transfer Engineering, 29 (5), 432–460. doi: 10.1080/01457630701850851
- Ozerinç, S., Kakaç, S., Yazıcıoglu, A. G. (2010). Enhanced thermal conductivity of nanofluids: a state of the art review, Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 8 (2), 145–170. doi: 10.1007/s10404-009-0524-4
- Wang, X. Q., Mujumdar, A. S. (2007). Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids: a review. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46 (1), 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.06.010
- Chandrasekar, M., Suresh, S. (2009). A review on the mechanisms of heat transport in nanofluids. Heat Transfer Engineering, 30 (14), 1136–1150. doi: 10.1080/01457630902972744
- Godson, L., Raja, B., Lal, D. M., Wongwises, S. (2010). Enhancement of heat transfer using nanofluids: an overview, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14 (2), 629–641. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.004
- Sergis, A., Hardalupas, Y. (2011). Anomalous heat transfer modes of nanofluids: a review based on statistical analysis. Nanoscale Research Letters, 6 (1), 391–427. doi: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-391
- King, C., Pendlebury, D. A. (2013). Research fronts 2013. Available at: http://sciencewatch.com/sites/sw/files/sw-article/media/research-fronts-2013.pdf
- Sarkar, J. A critical review of heat transfer correlations of nanofluids (2011). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 15 (6), 3271–3277. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.025
- Yu, W., Xie, H. (2012). A review on nanofluids: preparation, stability mechanisms, and applications. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012, 435873–435890. doi: 10.1155/2012/435873
- Murshed, S. M. S., Leong, K. C., Yang, C. (2008). Investigations of thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids, International journal of thermal science, 47 (5), 560–568. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.05.004
- Eastman, J. A., Choi, S. U. S., Li, S., Yu, W., Thompson, L. J. (2001). Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles, Applied Physical Letters, 78 (6), 718–720. doi: 10.1063/1.1341218
- Botha, S. S., Ndungu, P., Bladergroen, B. J. (2011). Physicochemical properties of oil-based nanofluids containing hybrid structures of silver nanoparticles supported on silica. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50 (6), 3071–3077. doi: 10.1021/ie101088x
- Hwang, Y., Lee, J. K., Lee, C. H., Jung, Y. M., Cheong, S. I., Lee, C. G. (2007). Stability and thermal conductivity characteristics of nanofluids, Thermochimica Acta, 455 (1-2), 70–74. doi: 10.1016/j.tca.2006.11.036
- Pang, C., Won Lee, J., Kang, Y. (2015). Review on combined heat and mass transfer characteristics in nanofluids, International journal of thermal science, 87, 49–67. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2014.07.017
- Nine, M. J., Munkhbayar, B., Rahman, M. S., Chung, H., Jeong, H. (2013). Highly productive synthesis process of well dispersed Cu2O and Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles and its thermal characterization, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 141 (1), 636–642. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.05.032
- Baby, T. T., Ramaprabhu, S. (2011). Synthesis and nanofluid application of silver nanoparticles decorated grapheme. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (26), 9702–9709. doi: 10.1039/c0jm04106h
- Baby, T. T., Ramaprabhu, S. (2011). Experimental investigation of the thermal transport properties of a carbon nanohybrid dispersed nanofluid, Nanoscale, 3 (5), 2208–2214. doi: 10.1039/c0nr01024c
- Nikitin, D., Mazur, V. (2012). Thermodynamic and phase behavior of fluids embedded with nanostructured materials, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 62, 44–49. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.02.021
- Span, R., Wagner, W. (1996). A new equation of state for carbon dioxide covering the fluid region from the triple-point temperature to 1100 K at pressures up to 800 MPa. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 25 (6), 1509–1596. doi: 10.1063/1.555991
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2014 Сергей Викторович Артеменко
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The consolidation and conditions for the transfer of copyright (identification of authorship) is carried out in the License Agreement. In particular, the authors reserve the right to the authorship of their manuscript and transfer the first publication of this work to the journal under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license. At the same time, they have the right to conclude on their own additional agreements concerning the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal, but provided that the link to the first publication of the article in this journal is preserved.
A license agreement is a document in which the author warrants that he/she owns all copyright for the work (manuscript, article, etc.).
The authors, signing the License Agreement with TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC, have all rights to the further use of their work, provided that they link to our edition in which the work was published.
According to the terms of the License Agreement, the Publisher TECHNOLOGY CENTER PC does not take away your copyrights and receives permission from the authors to use and dissemination of the publication through the world's scientific resources (own electronic resources, scientometric databases, repositories, libraries, etc.).
In the absence of a signed License Agreement or in the absence of this agreement of identifiers allowing to identify the identity of the author, the editors have no right to work with the manuscript.
It is important to remember that there is another type of agreement between authors and publishers – when copyright is transferred from the authors to the publisher. In this case, the authors lose ownership of their work and may not use it in any way.