Determining the effect of active losses on the thermal state of a high-speed permanent magnet motor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2026.364568Keywords:
high-speed motor, losses in the magnetic core, multiphysics model, thermal stateAbstract
This study considers a high-speed permanent magnet motor designed to drive unmanned aerial vehicles and ground robotic systems. The scientific-practical task addressed is to establish a quantitative relationship between the components of electromagnetic losses and the thermal state of the motor in a wide range of operating modes (5000–23000 rpm, 1–54 A).
A multiphysics numerical field mathematical model of a small-sized high-speed permanent magnet motor operating as part of an unmanned aerial vehicle has been constructed. The model resolves a coupled electromagnetic-thermal problem refining the temperature field distribution and parameters of active materials: the dependence of the residual magnetic induction of permanent magnets.
It was found that the distribution of specific losses in the cross section is deeply uneven: the maximum values are concentrated at the edges of the stator teeth and exceed the losses in the permanent magnets and yoke by 1.5–2.5 orders of magnitude. The distribution of the thermal field with increasing current was established: at I ≤ 14 A, magnetic losses prevail, and at I > 27 A, losses in the winding become predominant and reach 201 W at a current of 54 A. This is 2.5–3.5 times more than magnetic losses. With increasing current, the loss curves for different speeds gradually coincide: at I = 54 A, the difference between 5000 and 23000 rpm is only ≈ 20 W (≈ 7% of the total losses of 260–280 W).
At speeds above 17,000 rpm, the temperature of permanent magnets exceeds 80°C, the residual induction decreases by 6–8% of the rated value, which leads to a decrease in the electromagnetic torque by 3–4%. A critical value of the average motor heating has been established, at which the risk of irreversible demagnetization of magnets occurs, which corresponds to ≈ 216°C, at a speed of n > 11,000 rpm and at maximum current.
The results could be used to optimize high-speed motors with permanent magnets
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Copyright (c) 2026 Mykhailo Kovalenko, Yurii Haidenko, Serhii Tsyvinskyi, Oleksandr Semeniuk, Oleh Bazarov
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