Typology of cultures: theoretical analysis

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to theoretical analysis of typologies of culture. Methodology. In achieving this goal, the following research methods used: comparison, systematization, and generalization of the problem under study, made it possible to rationally comprehend the diversity of cultures, and to obtain a holistic understanding of the images of specific cultures. Revealing and characterizing the types of culture made it possible to build its typology. Scientific Novelty. A theoretical analysis of the typology of cultures and a generalized understanding of the images of specific cultures are carried out. Conclusions. A typology of culture is created through a comparative study of different cultures and their systematization. The typology can be based on various criteria, in particular: belonging to the historical type of society, regional affiliation, common religion, ethnic characteristics, type of activity of society, common territory, etc. At the present stage, there is no unambiguous view of understanding the typology of culture, but two main approaches can be distinguished: historical (universal) and regional (local). There is also a geographical division of cultures by type: East-West. In the West, pragmatism, materialism and rationalism prevail, in the East collectivism, spirituality, idealism and a certain passivity are characteristic. In the process of interaction of cultures, their interpenetration and cultural synthesis take place, as a result of which new elements appear, existing types are enriched and new forms and types of cultures appear.

Key words: types of cultures, typology, classification, culture.