Viennese Modern in Optics of E. Mach's Philosophy of Empirio-Criticism (Part I)

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to present a philosophical reflection on the discourse of Viennese modern through the use of a scientific option, a change in a narrowly specialised view and, accordingly, methods in the assessment of the artistic process. To analyse the scientific-philosophical views of the Austrian mechanic, physicist, physiologist, one of the founders of the theory of empirio-criticism E. Mach, a recognised symbol of the worldview, mindsets and spiritual searches of Viennese modern, in order to deepen the understanding of the factors and the content of the main ideas, attitudes, intellectual searches of the modern era. Research methodology. The study of the discourse of Viennese modern was carried out by applying a number of methods – historical, analytical, structural, symbolic-allegorical. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time in domestic humanities, the phenomenon of Viennese modernism is considered in the light of E. Mach's philosophy of empirio-criticism. Conclusions. The worldview foundations of Viennese modern consist of the range of the illusory and material world, which was presented in the philosophy of empirio-criticism of E. Mach. E. Mach's concept of sensory perception, which received the name of philosophical impressionism, becomes the ontological basis of Viennese impressionism with a characteristic depiction in painting of impressions and complexes of sensory perception, not objects, with the awareness of one's own self as a collection of impressions. Viennese modern rejects the static sensual and material world of nature and strives to reflect the changing, flowing gamut of the world of sensations. Brings to the fore the colour, the discontinuity of the strokes, the blurring of the lines and the image itself, "fluidity", the absence of clear contours, which create the effect of "the ephemerality of being". The concept of personality as the variability of the "I", formulated by E. Mach, is one of the foundations of modernist creativity. The crisis of personality and identity is accompanied by aesthetic escapism in the field of highly eroticised art, associated with a "new sensuality" and a new understanding of corporeality in search of a new understanding of the Self.