Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.247624

Keywords:

cold weapons, metal affinity, metal crystallization, impurity chemical elements, X-ray fluorescence analysis

Abstract

This paper reports the results of studying the chemical composition of the surface of 4 objects of cold weapons of the 19th and early 20th centuries, made of iron – bayonet knives and sabers. This makes it possible to establish the signs of authenticity of cold weapon samples made of iron in that chronological period.

An authentic procedure has been proposed for examining the chemical composition of the surface of historical objects of cold weapons by rubbing the samples with cotton wool swabs and their subsequent investigation. This makes it possible to explore objects of cold weapons, whose size is large, as well as simplify the very procedure for studying objects of historical and cultural value.

Using the X-ray fluorescent chemical analyzer Expert Mobile, chemical elements were found at the surface of samples of cold weapons made of iron. The presence of such elements is the result of the process of re-crystallization and self-purification of metal during a long history of its life. Elements found in almost every rubbing sample were identified: calcium, ferrum, zinc, cuprum, and chlorine.

The studies of cold weapons samples testify to the heterogeneity of the composition of patina formations on their surface, which confirms the authenticity of ancient objects. In addition, the studies have shown a difference in the chemical composition of surface layers of different parts of individual samples of antique cold weapons, which may indicate different times or different technology for their manufacture.

The fluorescence spectra of the obtained rubbing of individual samples of cold weapons were compared with "pure" material, which made it possible to identify elements removed from the surface of objects. The study results are important indicators to confirm the authenticity of cultural monuments and the technology of their manufacture in the past.

Author Biographies

Nina Merezhko, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

Sciences, Professor, Head of Department

Department of Commodity Science and Customs Affairs

Yuliia Vovk, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

Postgraduate Student

Department of Commodity Science and Customs Affairs

Volodymyr Indutnyi, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor

Department of Commodity Science and Customs Affairs

Kateryna Pirkovich, Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics

PhD, Associate Professor

Department of Commodity Science and Customs Affairs

Valentyna Davydiuk, National Military History Museum of Ukraine

Chief Curator

Oleksii Andreiev, National Research Restoration Center of Ukraine

PhD, Leading Researcher

Department of Physical and Chemical Research

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Published

2021-12-22

How to Cite

Merezhko, N., Vovk, Y., Indutnyi, V., Pirkovich, K. ., Davydiuk, V., & Andreiev, O. (2021). Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface . Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6(12 (114), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.247624

Issue

Section

Materials Science