No. 1(38) (2023)
Published:
2023-05-30
Статті
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2023 OUTPUT №38
The collection contains articles that summarize the results of scientific research conducted by employees of higher educational institutions in Ukraine, academic and sectoral research organizations, leading enterprises in the country's key industries, employees of international, state, and regional organizations, and authorities dealing with the development of theoretical and practical aspects of the economy and intellectual property. The collection is intended for scientists, specialists studying and researching economic processes, teachers, graduate students, and students.
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Analysis of existing methods for assessing the innovation potential of industrial enterprises.
The article provides a comprehensive overview of existing methods for assessing the innovation potential of industrial enterprises. Various approaches to assessing innovation potential were examined, including analysis of existing innovative projects, analysis of market conditions and competitive situation, analysis of team potential and available resources, identification of potential innovative solutions and their impact on business, assessment of financing opportunities and other resources, risk and barrier assessment, and action plan development.
The advantages and disadvantages of existing methods for assessing innovation potential were analyzed. It was found that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is necessary to choose a method that best meets the specific needs and characteristics of the enterprise. It was found that the most effective approach is a comprehensive one that includes the use of various assessment methods. This approach allows for a more complete and accurate picture of the enterprise's innovation potential and reduces risks when implementing new projects.
The article concludes that no single method can provide a comprehensive assessment of innovation potential, and that a combination of several methods is necessary to achieve a more accurate and comprehensive assessment that takes into account different aspects such as intellectual property, product innovation, technical and scientific capabilities, management effectiveness, and more.
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Communications and conflict management in operational and IT projects.
The article explores the essence of operational and IT projects and establishes the role of communication and conflict management for their successful implementation. The article identifies that risk, communication, and conflict management are important aspects of the successful implementation of operational and IT projects. The article indicates that conflicts can arise between participants in any project for various reasons, such as differences in views on the performance of work, misallocation of resources, unclear responsibilities, etc. The article proves that in cases of conflict situations, it is important to ensure a proper conflict management procedure that allows you to quickly identify and resolve conflicts between project participants. The article proves that conflict management and effective communication are integral elements of the successful implementation of operational and IT projects. The article suggests ways to manage conflicts in a team and provides principles of effective communication in a project. The article argues that the successful implementation of any project is impossible without effective communication between all project participants, as it allows project participants to share information, solve problems, collaborate, and interact with each other. The article explains the relevance of ensuring information communication between all project participants and stakeholders. The article identifies the possibilities of using modern project management tools to form an effective communication and conflict management system in projects. The article presents the practical use of project management templates to determine the methods and structure of communication that will allow all project participants to interact with each other. The article presents the result of the practical application of the matrix for identifying priority project stakeholders and RACI - a matrix of interaction between project participants, which allows you to define the roles and principles of communication between all project participants, establish a clear role for each participant and responsibility for certain project tasks. The RACI matrix helps to avoid confusion of roles and responsibilities that may arise during the project. It helps ensure that all project participants are clear and understand their roles and responsibilities, which facilitates effective communication and reduces the risk of conflict. The RACI matrix helps to ensure more efficient use of project resources and reduce delays in the implementation of tasks. If each role has clearly defined responsibilities for certain tasks, the project will be completed faster and more efficiently. The article proposes to use modern techniques such as problem discussion, compromise, search for alternative solutions, and others to improve communication and conflict management.
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Problems of preservation and development of labor potential in Ukraine under martial law.
In the conditions of martial law, one of the most urgent and important issues is ensuring the effective use of labor potential in Ukraine. Sufficient provision of the state with the necessary labor resources, rational use, high level of labor productivity is the basis for achieving high indicators for achieving innovative development and the strategic goal of sustainable development of the country. Problems in the economy, combined with significant internal displacement and refugee flows, lead to large-scale losses in employment and income. Rising unemployment, social exclusion, gender inequality, and the spread of poverty are among the main negative social consequences of wartime.
Development of labor potential is the process of implementing measures aimed at quantitative and qualitative reproduction of labor potential, its full implementation and effective use. Management of the effective use of labor potential should be based on an assessment of its quality and ensure its improvement. It should be important to develop an effective management system and preserve labor potential, create or improve implementation mechanisms and tools, taking into account issues of education, development of special skills, and above all, raising the level of social protection and security.
The article investigated and summarized the problems of preserving and developing labor potential in Ukraine under martial law. Approaches to the definition of the term "labor potential" have been developed, and the dynamics of changes from prewar to wartime have been tracked. Measures to increase the labor potential in the post-war period are proposed.
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Simplified method for calculating the real annual interest rate on loans and its use.
Currently, the interest rate, which historically was considered the sole indicator of the cost of a loan, sometimes becomes not even the main item of expenses due to the existence of various additional commissions that the client has to pay. At the same time, the legislation does not specify the method of calculating the real interest rate, but only the method of its verification. The object of the research is the lending processes. The subject of the research is the methods and ways of calculating the effective interest rate on loans. The purpose of the article is to create a simplified methodology for calculating the effective rate under a credit agreement using standard office software capabilities. To achieve this, the economic essence of the effective rate is considered in the work; the functions of standard office software products that allow solving the task of calculating the effective rate with minimal costs are examined; calculation models based on the functions of IRR and XIRR are created and their compliance with the calculation methods prescribed by law is verified; the reliability of calculating the effective interest rate by commercial banks of Ukraine is checked on real examples. The results can be used to verify the real annual rate mentioned by banks.
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MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WAR IN UKRAINE: CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM VS. HOPEFUL PESSIMISM
How different variants of security risk shape the future of the Ukrainian economy? The war background with its built-in uncertainty factor makes the development of accurate forecasts more challenging. The paper proposes to solve the problem of short-term and medium-term forecast accuracy of macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine in the context of the war based on the use of a scenario approach. Four hypothetical scenarios regarding the development of socio-economic situation in Ukraine ranging from optimistic to pessimistic variants due to duration of large-scale war have been designed. Real GDP growth, net migration, volume of remittances and unemployment rate are the key macroeconomic measurements that have been projected for 2023-2024 period. Research findings form the basis for shaping a clear strategy for the post-war recovery of Ukraine in the medium to long term as three out of four macroeconomic scenarios assume the end of hostilities within a period under forecast. The paper contributes to improved theoretical rationale for existing linkages between key macroeconomic indicators and uncertainty factor driven by military situation in economic projections. The implications of the research include the design of economic policy mix adequate for optimistic and pessimistic scenarios of the development of the war in Ukraine.
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Social entrepreneurship: an effective tool for overcoming unemployment
The article examines unemployment as a socio-economic problem in Ukraine that requires regulatory measures from the state. The basis of the study is a set of theoretical and practical foundations of the development of social entrepreneurship from Western countries. The author established that social entrepreneurship is able to create a synergistic effect on the labor market, which is expressed in the creation of new jobs for the employment of socially vulnerable segments of the population, including persons with disabilities. The author proposed measures of state support for entrepreneurial initiatives, expressed firstly in raising the level of awareness of the unemployed population and united territorial communities about the opportunities and potential risks of social entrepreneurship; secondly, in the formation of the legislative basis for the development of entrepreneurial initiatives, direct and indirect financing, the initiation of fiscal advantages and benefits to support the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine.
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Approaches to understanding nature and types of human capital
Implemented а study near the definition of «human capital» and analyzes the types. A economic interpretation of the concept of human capital is considered, proposed during the definition of the concept to proceed from the standpoint of sociology, of investment activity, take into attention demography science in general, economic demography science to consider labor potential.Law as objective possibilities set forth in legal prescriptions is considered. During the analysis of human capital to take into attention the psychological aspect of a person is proposed. Motivation is the driving force of human capital.The ratio of personal capital and public capital is investigated, for understand human capital as a prerequisite for the formation of public capital is proposed.The article analyzes the potential human capital and real human capital to i investigate factors of transformation potential human capital into realThe content of positive factors is considered a motivation, invest in, proper living wage, presence of job creation, and else. The negative factors is consider a low standard of living that encourages a person to realize their knowledge and skills in practice from exchange for livelihood.Characterization of levels of functioning of human capital is given. To consider individual (personal) human capital as a positive phenomenon it is proposed not only in the negative aspect. It is also proposed to distinguish public(state) human capital, the subject of which is there are individuals - members of public (society).
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. Innovative entrepreneurship as a key factor in the development of a region in the post-war period.
The Ukrainian economy has been feeling the impact of war since 2014, which threatens to destroy everything that has been achieved in science, technology, and innovation. The unfavourable conditions of the military conflict, in particular, the decline in demand for some goods and services, high prices for energy resources, and disruption of relations with individual regions, have become significant challenges for business in Ukraine.
In the world of innovation entrepreneurship, it has long become one of the key economic development factors. There is also potential for the development of this direction in Ukraine. Still, it is necessary to find ways to support innovative projects and initiatives to accelerate economic development and post-war reconstruction of regions and the country.
The work considers the importance of innovative entrepreneurship for the development of regions in the post-war period. The article highlights the importance of an innovative approach to regional economic development. It indicates the main advantages that innovation entrepreneurship can bring to the region, such as increasing competitiveness, increasing production efficiency, improving infrastructure, attracting investment and supporting social development. Examples of successful innovation projects in Ukraine, which have given an impetus to the development of regional economies and can give a start in post-war reconstruction, are provided. The results of the study show that innovative entrepreneurship can become a key factor in the region's development in the post-war period and make a significant contribution to the country's socio-economic development.
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The influence of TNCs on the spread of the globalization process
The phenomenon of globalization has caused significant changes in the world economy, politics and culture. It has been determined that one of the key players in the process of globalization is a multinational corporation (TNC), a company that operates in many countries and has a global reach. It is noted that the influence of TNCs on the spread of globalization is a topic of discussion and analysis among scientists and politicians. This research paper aims to examine the role of MNCs in the process of globalization, including their activities and contributions to globalization. In addition, this article examines the positive and negative impact of TNCs on globalization. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the impact of TNCs on globalization, this article seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate about the impact of global integration on various aspects of society.
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Analysis of the energy collapse overcoming scenarios for small businesses of Ukraine.
Military actions on the territory of Ukraine have significantly impacted the country's economic situation. The energy crisis provoked by these actions has added considerable problems to the entire business sector of the country, but small businesses have suffered the most. In the acute phase of the crisis, the question of survival and further operation of businesses arose. The article provides a characterization of small enterprises and emphasizes their importance for the stability of Ukraine's economy. Various scenarios of small business response to the energy crisis are considered, specifically focusing on the utilization of alternative power sources. The range of optimality is determined for each of the discussed options, namely the use of autonomous gasoline or diesel generators, energy storage batteries, and the installation of solar power stations. The costs of ownership for each option over a five-year period are calculated, taking into account the resource of each of them. The payback period is determined for a hypothetical small business enterprise in Ukraine. Additionally, the optimal alternative power source for the actual conditions of the energy collapse in Ukraine from November 2022 to January 2023, resulting from missile attacks on the energy infrastructure by the terrorist state, is separately identified. The research is based on the information gathered from the operations of small business enterprises during the energy collapse. The research results in the justification of the most effective method to overcome this problem.
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Human rights in the era of digital economy development: prospects and challenges.
With the emergence and rapid development of the digital economy, new challenges to the protection of human rights arise. Digital technologies, artificial intelligence, big data, and other innovations offer many opportunities for the development of society, but they also threaten fundamental human rights and freedoms. One of the biggest challenges is the collection and processing of personal data. In the digital economy, large amounts of personally identifiable information are stored and used by companies and governments. Organisations and governments are making efforts to improve cybersecurity by developing and implementing strong security measures, including data encryption, multi-level authentication, and monitoring of cyberattacks. It is important to provide adequate cybersecurity training and education for both employees and citizens. This will help raise awareness of cyber threats and teach people how to protect their personal information. Artificial intelligence (AI) can lead to the automation of decision-making processes, which can affect people's rights and freedoms. For example, AI systems may be involved in decision-making processes regarding employment, credit scoring, or even offences. However, it is important to ensure that the algorithms are fair, transparent, and take into account the rights and needs of people. This article examines the challenges that arise in the digital economy, as well as the prospects and ways to protect human rights in this new environment. Foreign and domestic examples of the impact of technology development on human rights are summarised. Ways to improve the system of working with open data in Ukraine over the past 3 years are presented.
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Improving the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises
The article deals with the concept of investment attractiveness of an enterprise and its fundamental importance for development in times of crisis. The article describes the characteristics of the concept, the views of researchers, emphasizes the inaccuracy and limitations of research on this issue, identifies ways to solve this problem, the purpose and goals of introducing innovations at enterprises. Methods and ways to increase investment attractiveness at industrial enterprises in the future are studied.
The basis of this study is a symbiosis of theoretical and methodological factors that influence the process of improving the investment attractiveness of an industrial enterprise. The practical results of the study will allow enterprises to stabilize their financial position, be more competitive, normalize their activities in times of crisis and attract more investment due to a more attractive position
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Using taxonomic analysis to assess the level of organizational efficiency of industrial enterprises.
The article deals with the possibility of using the method of taxonomic analysis for a assessment of the level of effectiveness of the functioning of multi-level organizational and economic systems of industrial enterprises. Approbation of the use of this method for assessment of the level of organizational efficiency of an industrial enterprise was carried out on the example of PJSC "Kamet-Stal". A conclusion was made about the effectiveness of this method and the prospects of its use for evaluating the effectiveness of the functioning of other organizational and economic systems of industrial enterprises.
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Prospects of electricity market liberalization in Georgia
In recent years, against the background of global risks, the covid-pandemic, and the unjust war between Russia
and Ukraine, energy security problems have emerged. Like the rest of the world, in Georgia, the need to solve the issues
related to energy supply, perfecting the relevant legislation, and liberalization of the electricity market is on the agenda.
In accordance with the agreement on the association of Georgia with the European Union, a strategy for the
Georgian electricity market's new model creation and implementation was planned. The article discusses the possibilities
of liberalization of the energy market of Georgia. Based on the quantitative-statistical analysis of the energy sector, the
mechanisms for improving its functioning have been identified. -
Transformational challenges for social entrepreneurship during hostilities
The authors examine the etymology of social entrepreneurship and identify different approaches to interpreting its essence. The paper emphasizes the importance of studying and developing social entrepreneurship in the context of large-scale changes and reforms in the country's economic component. The positive aspects and types of social entrepreneurship in the field of their activity are analyzed. The relevance of the issue of growth of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine is emphasized, which is a consequence of political processes in the country in 2013-14 and changes in social views on the development of Ukraine from an economic point of view. Examples of social enterprises in Ukraine are given. It is noted that social entrepreneurship requires a clear legislative definition and development of regulatory mechanisms. The need for tax benefits or other incentives for social enterprises is a matter of debate. However, from a theoretical point of view, providing tax benefits can significantly enhance the potential of enterprises at the initial stage and help to increase the share of invested profits in their activities. Since the organization of social entrepreneurship has its own complexity, tax breaks can help ensure the success of these enterprises. Experts and entrepreneurs themselves see more risks in this area, including the emergence of shadow schemes that allow tax evasion in general. However, as an alternative, it is proposed to take advantage of the Swedish experience and create "incentive packages" that include support from a professional business consultant, a grant to test an idea, and support during the adaptation period and expansion of activities. In general, it is believed that developed countries have a number of government programs, mechanisms, and policies to promote and support social enterprises that can be used as a basis in our country. This approach is a win-win solution for both the state and the social entrepreneur.
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Analysis of the state of Ukraine's economy during the war period
The object of the study is the impact of military actions on the current state of the national economy and its subsequent recovery.
The analysis of scientific publications showed that maximum attention is paid to the global scale and strategic infrastructure to solve the problems of the economic situation, and the issues of individual medium and small enterprises are not considered at all. Which, in turn, are also part of the economy and with effective management and implementation of modern methods of not only management, but also financing can also make a significant leap in development. Thereby providing jobs, regular payments to the budget and foreign exchange earnings in the case of exporters.
Up-to-date data describing the current state of the national economy compared to the pre-war period was obtained. The economic model of sharing and modern methods of financing as means for the development of entrepreneurship in wartime are considered. A comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of crowdfunding with traditional business financing methods is made.
Modern tools for attracting funds, even in a very difficult time for the development of our country's economy, have directions for expanding and financing new socially useful projects. In addition, it gives young specialists the opportunity not to waste time at outdated enterprises, but to create new working cities that are in demand by modernity, and to stimulate young people to choose highly qualified professions in the future.
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Creativity of thinking as a key to making non-standard business decisions
In today's fast-paced business world, out-of-the-box decision-making is essential for business survival and prosperity. One of the keys to making such decisions is creative thinking. The ability to think creatively allows enterprises to find unique solutions, gain competitive advantages and adapt to changing market conditions. However, some argue that creative thinking can lead to risky decisions and may not always align with business goals. Creative thinking allows you to find unique solutions. This allows businesses to identify new opportunities, develop innovative ideas and identify untapped markets. Creativity can lead to the development of a new product or service that solves a problem or meets a need that was not previously considered. Creative thinking allows businesses to come up with such innovative ideas that can transform entire industries.
