3D metal printing: a brief SWOT analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.38.2019.181282Keywords:
additive manufacturing, 3D-printing, laser, sintering, meltingAbstract
The aim of this article is to analyze 3D-printing from various viewpoints and to determine its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore comprehensive information dealing with it has been thoroughly studied. The results were compiled in a brief SWOT – analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats); they are based on the dynamic development of 3D-printing technologies, the literature analysis includes the papers that were published not more than five years ago. The formulation of the problem includes an introduction and contains the development and relevance of metal 3D-printing technologies. The main material contains the theoretical foundations, where the terms «Additive Manufacturing», «3D-printing» are defined. Moreover, the basic principles and the proceedings order are presented. Thereby, the selective laser sintering (SLS), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), and the selective laser melting (SLM) as a selection of different manufacturing techniques have been described and discussed. The work briefly represents the main metal materials and includes a comprehensive analysis. The possibilities, problems and risks of 3D-printing technology are presented. One of the main problems is porosity. It can result from the 3D-printing process itself or even from the powder used in the process. These microscopic holes reduce the overall density of the part and can result in cracks and fatigue. Besides, a forecast for the development of 3D-printing is described. The conclusion summing up the most important results declares that the specific characteristics of the parts and the wide range of applications of 3D-printing technology are to change whole industries in the foreseeable future. For companies as well as for countries it is particularly important to foreknow it and to manage to adapt themselves for the current development of 3D-printing in order to avoid losing their market positionReferences
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Chenchen Tian, Xuekun Li, Hanyang Li, Guoqiang Guo, Liping Wang, Yiming Rong. The effect of porosity on the mechanical property of metal-bonded diamond grinding wheel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 743, pp. 697-706. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.138.
Galy Cassiopée , Le Guen Emilie, Lacoste Eric, Arvieu Corinne. Main defects observed in aluminum alloy parts produced by SLM: From causes to consequences. Additive Manufacturing, 2018, vol. 22, pp. 165-175. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.005.
Koutiri Imade, Pessard Etienne, Peyre Patrice, Amlou Ouafae, De Terris Thibaut. Influence of SLM process parameters on the surface finish, porosity rate and fatigue behavior of as-built Inconel 625 parts. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2018, Vol. 255, pp. 536-546. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.12.043.
Liverani E., Toschi S., Ceschini L., Fortunato A. Effect of selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2017, vol. 249, pp. 255-263. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.05.042.
Syed A.M.T., Elias P.K., Amit B., Susmita B., Lisa O., Charitidis C. Additive manufacturing: scientific and technological challenges, market uptake and opportunities. Materials today, 2017, Vol. 1, pp. 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.07.001.
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