Новітні досягнення в дослідженні гідродинаміки мембранних каналів: критичний огляд

Автор(и)

  • В.В. Ясеньчук Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» , Україна image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1012-9475
  • С.В. Гулієнко Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» , Україна image/svg+xml https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9042-870X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.53.1.2026.359808

Ключові слова:

мембрана біообростання, спейсер, 3D-друк, CFD-моделювання, зворотний осмос, концентраційна поляризація

Анотація

У цій оглядовій роботі систематизовано результати наукових досліджень 2015–2025 років, присвячених впливу геометричних параметрів спейсерів на експлуатаційні характеристики спірально-намотаних мембранних модулів зворотного осмосу. Проаналізовано сучасні підходи до оптимізації конструкції спейсерів, зокрема застосування адитивних технологій (3D-друку), методів обчислювальної гідродинаміки (CFD) та експериментальних методик дослідження гідродинаміки, масопереносу й біообростання. Розглянуто вплив діаметра нитки, кута орієнтації сітки, висоти каналу, форми вузлів і просторової конфігурації (зокрема TPMS) на розподіл швидкостей, напружень зсуву та перепаду тиску. Підкреслено важливість пошуку компромісу між інтенсифікацією масопереносу та мінімізацією гідравлічних втрат. Окрему увагу приділено моделюванню процесів біообростання, яке є домінуючим типом забруднення мембран і тісно пов'язане з локальними гідродинамічними умовами в каналі, зокрема наявністю застійних зон. Узагальнено результати CFD-досліджень з проникними та непроникними граничними умовами, а також підходи до валідації чисельних моделей за допомогою експериментальних методів високої роздільної здатності (ОКТ, PIV). Показано перспективність використання 3D-друкованих і функціоналізованих спейсерів (антибактеріальні покриття, гідрофільні матеріали) для зменшення інтенсивності забруднення та підвищення енергоефективності мембранних систем. Також розглянуто активні методи контролю забруднення, такі як вібрація та обертання спейсерів, які дозволяють індукувати вторинні течії. Визначено ключові напрями подальших досліджень, зокрема багатомасштабне моделювання, комплексний опис взаємодії різних типів забруднення, оптимізацію геометрії з урахуванням енергетичних обмежень, а також розробку нових матеріалів і активних методів контролю біообростання. Отримані узагальнення формують наукову основу для створення енергоефективних і стійких до забруднення мембранних технологій нового покоління

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2026-03-26

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Ясеньчук , В., & Гулієнко , С. (2026). Новітні досягнення в дослідженні гідродинаміки мембранних каналів: критичний огляд. Вісник Приазовського Державного Технічного Університету. Серія: Технічні науки, 1(53), 188–205. https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.53.1.2026.359808

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