No. 33
Full version of the magazine
Published:
2017-03-02
Статті
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V. Voloshyn. On the particulars of the world’s ‘dollar-goods’ trade.
The article represents with the analysis of the world’s trade at which dollar acts as goods. In the article it is substantiated that the USA, possessing an opportunity of uncontrolled issuing of own hard currency, are the only country, that enjoys the right of supplying to the world market in the role of goods. The scheme of crediting of the US economy by the US Federal Reserve System was represented. The rates of growth of monetary aggregates in separate world countries were provided. Also represented was the structure of international
reserves for different world countries. It was shown that nowadays world’s financial and monetary system is constructed in such a way that the ultimate turnover of the aggregate goods mass does not urge the USA to
manufacture any goods. The country makes its payments pays at the world market by means of virtual dollars, which are bound to return, the participants of the world trade only having to accumulate bills of debt of the USA. This financial system can’t have a zero balance and cannot be reduced to it. That is why it cannot exist for ever. It is difficult to predict it’s destiny in the long run. Even, if there won’t be such a force, that will be able to resist it, sooner or later, it is will be bound to decompose into some components. So, at least in this regard, the world’s currency, the part of which dollar is currently playing, possesses a substantial flaw, being an unbalanced means of payment. -
I. Pouzanov. Modelling complex for analyzing the foreign trade impact on economic development.
The article is dedicated to the consideration of methodological issues of modeling and management of foreign trade processes and their use in forecasting of economic development. Econometric models are a multipurpose means of analyzing and forecasting specific economic processes and situations - from a detailed and multifaceted reproduction of the mechanism of the functioning of the national economy to determining market fluctuations, price indices or indicators of demand for individual goods. The instrumental basis of econometric models is reduced mainly to methods of mathematical statistics, which allow obtaining quantitative parameters of cause-effect and system-structural factors affecting each of the phenomena studied by other elements of the modeled economic system. It is concluded that the effectiveness of the use of econometric models depends, on the one hand, on the adequacy of the analytical choice of the set of factors determining the state and dynamics of each of the economic indicators under study, which describe the modeled object, on the other hand, on the correctness of determining the form and parameters of the communication between the elements of the object.
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O. Lyzunova, U. Sirenko. Management of economic potential in the system of providing efficiency of metallurgical enterprises’ activity.
The article considers the problems of management of metallurgical enterprises. The concepts, the categories, conditions and factors of increasing the efficiency of enterprises are analyzed. The paper compares the points of view of Ukrainian and foreign specialists concerning the problem of improving the efficiency of the company. The concept of strategic management of industrial enterprises is investigated. The efficiency of the enterprise activity from the point of view of profitability. Тhe article analyses the essence of economic potential of the enterprise and its structure. The basic approaches to the study of this problem. The question of the strategic management of the economic potential of the company. Studied the principles of capacity assessment. Presents the characteristic features of the enterprise potential as an economic system. Discussed issues of anti-crisis management economic potential of the enterprise. Factors are analyzed and the technology of anti-crisis management of potential of enterprise.
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Yе. Latysheva. Determination of essence of concept "potential of steady development of enterprises".
The paper a few of approaches of definitions «sustainable development» and «potential of sustainable development» generalization and considered. The key descriptions are combinations of triune conception of sustainable development, possibilities and resources of this development have considered. The paper authorial determination of concept «potential of sustainable development of enterprises» has been presented. The authorial comprehension of sustainable development is presented on all hierarchical levels from positions socially - oriented and ecologically - the directed economic development, as the directed sequence of changes of her components, connections and intercommunications between them. Determination of essence of potential of sustainable development of enterprises offers as triads of constituents (social, ecological, economic), as systems of key possibilities that include : resources (natural, labour, economic and other), administrative - organizational possibilities (system of management of sustainable development, management ecologically - economic processes, market mechanisms of management, instruments of the management system, in thereby the ecologically-oriented character), other of competense (marketing, investment-technological, administrative and other), id est as to possibility, readiness and ability of the system to transform an internal (economic) constituent and ecological constituent (naturally-resource components) in social (satisfaction of public necessities). The management of potential of sustainable development by enterprises is based on balancing of functioning of elements, social, economic and ecological constituents of sustainable development and forms terms for an effective management and adjusting as enterprises so national economy on the whole. It offers to determinate the management of sustainable development as transformation of such base property of potential of sustainable development as exceptional nature, that provides possibility to the producers (ecologically oriented) of commodities to get technological, organizationally-administrative or other of advantage of potential.
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O. Bilska. The essence of innovation and the source base of their continuous involvement in the process social innovation introduction process.
The estimation of the degree of scientific elaboration of problems of implementation at the national field of innovation development model. Highlighted the realities of the socio-economic dynamics resulting from innovation and the causes of their unacceptable changes. Conducted historical discourse on the introduction of scientific and practical usage of the concepts "novation", "novelty" and "innovation". The article generalises approaches of scientists to definition of the essence of the terms "innovation", "innovation" and "innovation" and justify their author's conception. Innovation is treated as a universal category that when introducing a new construct takes the form of innovations, and improving existing sample transformirovalsya in innovation. The essence of "innovation" as slootweg the concept behind the term "novation" and the prefix "in" which reduces it to change from inside. Set source database continuous innovation introduction process, which highlighted existing, but inadequate to the modern requirements of equipment, technology, organization of production, institutions and institutions and which are identified as tradition. Proven that are involved in the process of social progress tradition, realizes the potential of streamlining innovation processes in the social system, ensures repeatability, predictability and controllability and contributes to bringing them into the plane of public usefulness. The proposed scheme is a universal mechanism innovation introduction process development in the national economy. Introduced in the innovative practice, the term "Economica" that is bound to do something new for the national economy or improvement based on foreign models. The specificity of the introduction of innovations in the economy is recognized as the timeliness of inconsistencies in the value of filling the regulatory mechanism innovation introduction process through certain symptoms and trends that are sufficient for their study and search novation decision.
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E. Zinchenko, D. Pawliszczy, D. Zinchenko. Investment resources: essence, mechanism of attraction and role in the economic development of the enterprise.
The article is devoted to the improvement of theoretical and methodical approaches to the formation of the mechanism of attraction of investment resources. A brief overview of statistical information on the current state of investment activity in Ukraine was carried out and the emphasis was placed on the need to implement urgent measures to intensify innovation and investment activity in order to increase the investment attractiveness of the domestic economy. On the basis of the analysis of statistical-analytical data, it is proved that, against a background of a few-year fall, Ukraine's economy, albeit slowly, begins to reborn. And according to the classical formula at the stage of the crisis, investment and innovation resources are emerging as essential. The role of investments in the economic development of the enterprise is outlined. The author analyzes the approaches of authors to the definition of the essence of concepts related to investment and innovation activity in order to find advanced methods of managing the formation of the mechanism of investment resources attraction. The author's vision of the term "investment resources" is proposed as follows: "Investment resources represent all types of values that are invested in the objects of the enterprise in order to increase economic results, namely profit growth, market value of the enterprise and the income of its owners". Methodological approaches to the development of a model of investment attraction taking into account typical variants of such a model have been improved. The author's advanced methodology of substantiation of expediency of introduction of investments is outlined by developing a system of measuring the planned level of economic development of the enterprise with economic and financial positions. -
D. Makhovsky. Modern trends in regional markets meat in Ukraine.
The article shows the results of the meat market research in Ukraine. The main trends in the market of meat in general and in its individual segments have been determined and analyzed. The real and potential capacity of the markets for poultry, pork and beef in Ukraine has been studied. The most significant factors in the development of the market under investigation have been identified and analyzed. The market growth potential is calculated for a scientifically based consumption rate per person. The main structural changes in the supply and consumption fund for the types of meat that occurred during the period studied are highlighted. Economic estimation of net exports of the main types of meat in Ukraine was carried out. The main components of the balance of meat and meat products by individual species have been studied. Proposals and recommendations regarding the prospects for the development of the meat market in Ukraine and its individual segments in conditions of negative socio-economic processes that occurred in the state were presented and justified. Priority of the meat supply increase in Ukraine is determined as one of the main components of the price stabilization mechanism in the market and the prerequisites for the growth of net exports.
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S. Zhukov. Academic entrepreneurship as a factor of improving the efficiency of enterprises and forming the innovative potential of the economy of Ukraine.
In the article approaches to the definition of the essence of academic entrepreneurship are considered, the main components of the modern innovation infrastructure are given. The role of technology parks and business incubators as priority components of academic entrepreneurship in shaping the innovative economy of Ukraine has been revealed. It has been studied that academic entrepreneurship promotes the development of enterprises, increases the country's innovation and the formation of its competitive advantages. A significant role in the national development of academic entrepreneurship is played by the state, which forms the legislative base, regulates the process of formation of high technologies and their commercialization. To increase the efficiency of commercialization of research results in Ukraine, it is necessary to provide state legislative support for patent-licensing activities and the transfer of technologies of domestic VNZ and research institutes (institutions), the creation of specialized all-Ukrainian and branch organizations from technology transfer, strengthening the motivation of scientific and pedagogical staff To the development of innovative technologies, the implementation of inventions, patenting and licensed Not important for the national economy of the results of scientific research work.The mechanism of formation of academic entrepreneurship in the process of increasing the efficiency of enterprises and innovation economy development is offered. The main sources of financing innovative projects in the current economic conditions are determined. The problems and prospects for the development of academic entrepreneurship in Ukraine are analyzed taking into account the peculiarities of the national economy. -
O. Bondarenko, O. Popovich. Aviation insurance in Ukraine: its necessity and accounting.
The article analyzes the traffic accidents that occurred during 2016. According to this analysis, it was found that air transport is one of the most dangerous forms of transport. Unfortunately, analysis of aviation accidents in the world in 2015-2017 year shows that air transport aviation disaster also occur. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that one of the possible priorities in these cases is the aviation insurance. According to Ukraine's insurance market for aviation insurance is not very popular type of insurance in relation to other species and it is these figures indicate the National Commission. Thus, third quarter 2016 net premiums for aviation insurance held at 392,4 million UAH which is only 2% of the overall structure of net premiums by type of insurance. Conduct aviation insurance in Ukraine passed under the Law of Ukraine «On insurance», «Procedure and rules of obligatory aviation insurance» and the Air Code of Ukraine. Based on n. 1 «Procedure and rules of obligatory aviation insurance» mandatory civil aviation insurance is carried out to protect the interests of operators, passengers and third parties. Therefore, in this article were disclosed procedures and rules of obligatory aviation insurance Civil Aviation in Ukraine. It should be noted that the aviation insurance airlines of Ukraine to be reflected in their accounting. Based on the current legislation was discovered recording of the insurance contract (insurance policy) of insurance premiums and insurance compensation.
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O. Gaponiuk, I. Syrmamiikh. Formation of general financial risk management policy at the enterprise.
The article describes the place of financial risk in the economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises. It is noted that in contrast to the general definition of the concept of "risk", the definition of the essence of financial risk is more specialized, and reflects the emergence of uncertainty in the financial activities of the enterprise. The authors state that the diversity of financial risk classifications forms the necessary preconditions for the formation of a risk management system at the enterprise. Thus, risk management can be considered as a certain management process consisting of several stages, namely: 1 stage - Identification of risks (for implementation it is necessary to have a wide range of practical and theoretical knowledge in this area, qualitative and quantitative approaches); Stage 2 - Decision-making on the method of risk assessment. Risk assessment (there are three groups of assessment methods: economic-statistical, expert, analog); Stage 3 - Decision-making on methods of exposure to risk (management method or risk avoidance, or prevention of loss, or redistribution of risk, or taking a risk to itself according to the financial capabilities of the enterprise and the total amount of potential losses); Stage 4 - Realization of the selected methods of influence on risk and correction of the risk management system at the enterprise after monitoring the results of management. It was found that the main influence on the decision making results is the second stage, provided that the risk assessment methods and their main methods (tasks) are correctly compared. As a result of the analysis of existing methods and models of financial risk assessment, the company has established that in practice expert methods are dominant. As a whole, it is noted that the process of risk management in enterprises of any form of ownership is based on general principles and approaches and is determined by the individual tendency to risk of its managers.
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R. Korolenko. Сhoosing the strategy of innovative development of the enterprise in the format of ecological responsibility.
The article explains the necessity of putting into the enterprise management practice the ecological responsibility when forming and realization of the enterprise development strategies. The content filling the essence of the innovative development strategy of the enterprise is investigated and expanded. The necessity of considering the format of the ecological and social responsibility in the structure of the socio-economic system is grounded. The methodology of conceptual analysis for the system solving of the scientific problem to determine the categories of "strategy", "innovation", "innovative activity", "innovative process" is used. The conceptual approach to the process of formation of the innovative enterprise development strategy based on ecological responsibility in the context of the combination of process, structural and organizational aspects is explained. It is proved that in the conditions of the innovative economy the special importance has the ecological responsibility the decisive role of which actualizes the necessity of the enterprise to choose the effective strategy of the innovative development.
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S. Zakharov. Theoretical bases оf the development of business units as elements of integrated corporate structures.
The article is devoted to the theoretical analysis and systematization of the views of various scientists on the economic category "enterprise development". The main characteristics and laws of the process of enterprise development are investigated. The specifics of the functioning and development of business units that are part of integrated corporate structures are defined. The author's definition of the term "development of integrated business units" is proposed. In the course of a theoretical analysis of the results of research conducted by other authors, it is established that there is no unambiguous and consistent definition of the concept of "enterprise development". There are many definitions. The systematization of existing definitions allows us to define three basic approaches to the interpretation of the term "enterprise development". Within the framework of the first, development is explored through the properties of the system, that is, the enterprise itself; in the second, a semantic analysis of development as a definition takes place; the third assumes a comparative description of development with other scientific categories. In the process of research, the main laws and characteristics of the enterprise development process are defined. Also, the main features of business units that are part of integrated groups are explored. They are limited independence in making strategic, investment and financial decisions, as well as the possible divergence of the current objectives of the individual business unit and the group as a whole. With these features in mind, an author's definition of the concept of "developing a business unit of an integrated corporate group" is formed, which is understood as a logical, purposeful process of transforming an open dynamic system in space and time that occurs under strategic, financial and investment constraints, and the possible inconsistency of the company's tactical goals And the parent company, and leads to a quantitative and qualitative change in the properties of the system, increasing efficiency Its functioning.
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V. Gonchar. Assessing the efficiency of motivation mechanism of enterprise staff’s innovative activity.
We have studied factor-criterion characteristics influencing the efficiency of the motivation mechanism for staff management. The motivation mechanism for effective staff management should be understood as a self-regulating system of motives and stimuli, formed on the basis of individual needs, realized through the collective interest of enterprise staff with the consideration of forms, principles, methods and levers of management. The use of the suggested tools in the process of realizing social-labour relations promotes getting optimal results in the enterprise activity. The analysis of methodical and practical development works on the efficiency assessment of innovations’ implementation allowed improving the complex assessment of quality and effectiveness of staff innovative activity which includes integral, criterion and expert assessment. Unlike the existing ones, it is an efficient tool of assessing the introduced methods of motivating innovative processes; assessing the efficiency and timeliness of performance of the main and support staff. The use of this tool promotes motivating employees to highly productive, qualitative and timely labour. It has been proved that such tools of external influence affect highly productive innovative activity of enterprise staff: the criterion system of stiring the staff to activity by stimulating production - technological, financial-economical, social-labour, organizational-corporate economic-ecological criteria. The suggested method can be used in comparative efficiency assessment of innovative processes, and also for the analysis of internal factors influencing the efficiency of the motivation system used.
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O. Kupchishina. Features of state regulation in the agrarian sector.
The article proved that the formation of a competitive agricultural sector needs to create an effective mechanism regulation focused on the main criteria of the industry - efficiency. Currently there is no single approach to public value and market levers in the mechanism of regulation of agricultural economy. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of economic science is the theoretical justification interaction of market self-regulation and government regulation. Ukraine is a country with the lowest level of state support conditions of reproduction in agriculture per 1 hectare of arable land. But modern agricultural sector is a strategic sector for Ukraine as effective mechanisms of state regulation and state support are essential for innovations. We determined that the mechanism of state regulation of the agricultural sector - a set of actions, forms and methods of influence on the agricultural sector entities to ensure Economo-socio-environmental performance industry. This approach predetermined specific agricultural sector can not be considered only as an economic entity. After all, the industry has a distinct socio-ecological characteristics that must be considered when study of measures of state regulation of the industry. The whole set of specific features of the agricultural sector can be divided into the following groups: biological and spatial characteristics; a combination of direct reproduction cycle of agriculture and rural areas; demand for the agricultural sector has a relatively low elasticity, therefore food market is not self-regulating and objectively requires government regulation. World experience prove that the agricultural sector should be regulated at the macro level. Thus, government regulation is a mandatory component of modern agricultural policy and the effective functioning agricultural sector. Moreover, government intervention is crucial not only for the industry but also for the conservation and rural development. Therefore, it is necessary to objectively state intervention in solving environmental problems, creating rural infrastructure and support social balance between urban and rural areas. Thus, the main specific factors which should be based on state support for the agricultural sector should be the following: maintaining somewhat of public procurement of agricultural products; forming a system of seasonal crediting of agricultural producers; restrictive and constructive state regulation of prices on the food market; market failure in certain circumstances to solve problems of infrastructure development and reconstruction sectors of agriculture, funding for agricultural research and education. State regulation of the economy is a system of legislative, regulatory and supervisory nature and carried out for the purposes of stabilizing and sustaining socio-economic system.
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I. Rehteta. Adaptation of national innovation infrastructure for european local model of innovative development.
The aim of the study was a thorough analysis of the innovation infrastructure of the EU and Ukraine and justification field of national innovation infrastructure to European models of local innovation. The innovative infrastructure is the main mechanism innovation, it depends on its economic development level of the country. It not only provides access to various resources, but also the individual is a strategic resource for economic development. Ukraine's economic growth is only possible through the use of innovative processes able to implement new technologies and the latest scientific knowledge. Capital investment in new technology will significantly intensify production activity, increase the number of jobs and, most importantly, encourage the development of innovative businesses, organizations, and hence the development of the regions and the economy as a whole. EU researched Innovation Scoreboard, which serves as tools to inform policy makers and discuss development issues at national and EU level, to track the level of innovation in the global world. For comparative analysis we have chosen one country from each group: Romania, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden; Innovation leaders of the country: the United States and South Korea. The overall level of funding for science is considered one of the key innovative features of the country, its willingness to build a society based on knowledge. It was determined that the ability proprietary technologies to provide economic growth is estimated by comparing the correlation in time between the number of patents and GDP. Based on correlation analysis will determine the closeness of correlation IL GDP and the number of patents in selected countries of our analysis for 2010-2014. The results indicate a strong positive correlation in all countries except Ukraine. Consequently, GDP growth in Ukraine is much less due to patents than in other countries, and this in turn means that the ability of Ukraine to develop, supported by technological innovations currently still limited. Results of the analysis indicate a lack of proper support innovation in the country, the main problem here is the lack of the existing innovation infrastructure. Ukraine does not properly supported activities of inventors, innovators and scientists who have completed research and development are not enough centers of effective technology transfer. Not fully implemented educational and scientific potential, especially higher education, is not formed a system of scientific, technical and economic information and database on technologies, scientific and technological development. Thus, the main factors that hinder the development of the national economy, the low competitiveness of domestic producers, weak domestic market and its low pay, the outflow of intellectual capital, obsolete infrastructure, inefficient technology transfer.
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G. Shvets. Leadership as inalienable constituent of effective management.
In the article the interpretation of the concept of «leadership». Indicated that a leader can be congenital or educated. Numbered leader lines, such as honesty, ability to accept not standard administrative decisions, enthusiasm. An opinion researchers to change the direction of leadership that Total Quality Management changes at Total Quality Leadership. Depicted matrix outlines four types of approaches to the study of leadership. Presented leadership group according to its definition, such as the lead center group processes, leadership as persuasiveness, leadership as a manifestation of personal traits.Characterized by two criteria leader behavior: incorporation dynamic behavior factor leader incorporation factor situation. An differences between the concepts of «leadership» and «management». Exposed autocratic leadership style, democratic style and liberal style. Listed and described the strategic model types of leaders, such as «manager of the classical school of management», «strategist focused» and more. Presents the key elements of modern leadership competencies of managers.
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I. Markina, I. Potapiuk. Threats to economic security enterprise: theoretical aspects.
The article deals with theoretical aspects of management of economic safety of the enterprise. Determined that the economic security of the enterprise is providing this state of functioning, which involves the achievement of positive socio-economic impact through profit and meet the needs of consumers and employees. Revealed that the economic security system protects your company from external and internal threats, securely retains and effectively uses its material and financial potential. One of the main and challenging tasks security is forecasting and prevention of threats, not the analysis of those effects occurring after a security breach. Forecasting the development of any phenomenon is the basis for practical solutions. It is advisable to include the relevant adverse factors both short- and long-term actions with immediate and delayed result to threats to the security of the enterprise. The analysis of the definition of «threat». A threat is defined as a real opportunity to influence the action intentional or unintentional character which violates the stability of functioning of the enterprise, causing tangible and intangible losses. Selected key components of threats to the activities of the enterprise (condition, phenomenon, event, or action) and their causes. Identified destabilizing factors of threats to economic security at different levels of the hierarchy of the organizational-economic structures (the General decline in production, a breakdown of the financial system, the growth of social tension, the criminalization of society and the economy, the further weakening of competitiveness, etc.). Made own classification of threats taking into account industry-specific characteristics of the entity. Identified the most significant threats to the economic security of the enterprise by degrees. It is confirmed that for any enterprise there are always threats coming from the external environment or arising within the enterprise.
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L. Kyslova. Analysis of environmental functioning on the metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine.
Was been proved that the analysis of the marketing environment for the functioning of metallurgical enterprises serves as a tool. With this tool strategical developers control external factors relative to the industry in order to foresee potential threats and opportunities. The importance of accounting for external regulatory impact on the activities of metallurgical enterprises is considered. Was used the SWOT analysis of the development potential in Ukrainian metallurgical complex, which is an effective tool for marketing analysis of potential opportunities and threats from the external and internal market environment in metallurgy, as well as strengths and weaknesses of the industry, which makes it possible to determine strategic priorities and possible ways of their implementation. Was been proved that the application of SWOT analysis technology by the marketing service when assessing the main competitors creates prerequisites for developing tactics of competition and providing competitive advantages. The concepts of external and internal competitive advantage has singled out. Attention is been focused on STEP analysis as an instrument designed to identify the social, technological, economic and political aspects of the external environment that can influence the development strategy of the metallurgical industry. An optimistic, pessimistic and realistic scenario for the development of the Ukrainian economy are proposed. Was been revealed that the analysis of the external environment allows metallurgical enterprises to predict the emergence of threats and opportunities in a timely manner, develop contingency plans for contingencies, as well as a strategy to achieve goals and turn potential threats into profitable opportunities.
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O. Yakusheva. Methodical approach to economical development of small and medium business in the regions of Ukraine.
The article considers methodological approaches to assessing the economic development of small and medium business in the regions of Ukraine on the basis of principles of regional model of economic development of small and medium business in the regions of Ukraine. In the proposed method evaluated economic development of Ukraine and development of small and medium businesses through the use of integrated indicators, cluster analysis, performance synchronization and asymmetry. Analysis of synchronicity and asymmetry of small and medium businesses in the region showed that regions develop at different rates and scope, so that there is a change in the distribution of small and medium businesses, the pace of its economic growth, the level of competition between enterprises and demand. The influence of internal and external environment for the development of small and medium businesses. The proposed regional model enabled to identify clusters of active and passive regions. It is established that the effective development and particular regions, given their level of differentiation required implementing strategic measures to align economic development with the aim of increasing the attractiveness equivalent SME in each region. The regional model makes it possible to develop effective strategic directions of development of small and medium business, including research results at every stage of the cluster.
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L. Mamatova. State regulation of entrepreneurial activity in Ukraine.
The concept of state regulation of entrepreneurial activity is investigated and the author's definition is offered. Forms, means, functions and basic systems of public authorities of state regulation are considered. Areas of support and development of state regulation of entrepreneurial activity are investigated. According to the laws of Ukraine, the goals and instruments of state regulation are defined. The components of the mechanism of state regulation of entrepreneurial activity are proposed.
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S. Mishchenko. The use of world experience in creating new jobs in modern conditions.
The situation in the labor market of Ukraine is investigated, the problems of labor supply and demand are investigated. Priority directions of the state policy of employment of foreign countries are characterized. The modern tendencies of creation of new workplaces are investigated and motivators of creation of new workplaces are defined. The urgency of forming the mechanism of state regulation of the labor market through the creation of industrial parks as a tool for solving the employment problem is determined. The existing measures to stimulate the creation of jobs in the territories of industrial parks are justified.
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A. Savchenko. Methodical approach to an expediency assessment outsourcing of business processes.
In article methods of management which play a crucial role in development by the enterprise are considered. In the conditions of the modern world market advantage remains behind the companies which are open for new innovations to which they allow to increase effective management of the enterprise significantly. One of such administrative innovations, provides competitive advantage, outsourcing is. Are also considered an entity of industrial outsourcing and its role in support of development at manufacturing enterprise is shown, the general diagram of process of making decision on a possibility of outsourcing and the diagram of feasibility of use of outsourcing is also opened. Detection criteria of transition to business process outsourcing which can be applied in practice of manufacturing enterprises.
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S. Kalinina, L. Davydyuk. Prerequisites for competition for human potential: the youth segment of the international labor market.
The article deals with the development of the youth segment of the international labour market, the presence of territorial disproportions in the economic activity level of youth. It is emphasized that young people are the most mobile segment of the labor market and forms potential migration flows that are a manifestation of competition for human potential in the international labor market. The tendency of labor migration of highly skilled personnel to the developed countries is characterized.
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Z. Frolova. Perfection’s of quality of administrative activity at the enterprises.
In the work the issues related to the quality of management activity are considered. Its main elements are singled out. It is noted that usually the quality of managerial activity is judged on the quality of managerial decisions. It is emphasized that management activities at enterprises form part of the management system, which they began to study relatively recently, although the practice of managing organizations has a long-standing roots. The estimation of historical aspects on development of standardization of control systems is made. It is shown that during the last decades the world standardization is increasingly aimed at the regulation of management systems and individual management tools, rather than on the definition of technical requirements for products or technologies. The emphasis was placed on the fact that the overall management activity in the organization consists of the management of the most management activities and the management of the servicing and production activities. It is noted that there are practically no specific standards for management activities, as well as monitoring systems for this activity in Ukraine. Data on the current state of affairs with the standardization of the main activities of Ukrainian enterprises are presented. Attention is drawn to the fact that the system of professional standards (NOS) is recognized as one of the best. It is noted that the main principle embodied in the standards is that high requirements to the effectiveness of management are vital for business and for the economic welfare of society as a whole. The emphasis is on the fact that management standards are the standard, the goal in improving management and allow the organization to clearly formulate the requirements for managers and their activities. Attention is drawn that the standard of management competence has been tested by practice and proved its applicability and usefulness. The work concludes that management activity at enterprises in Ukraine is studied relatively recently, therefore many elements of the management system have a different degree of development. The emphasis is placed on the fact that individual elements, such as professionalism of management personnel, development and implementation of solutions, need a new approach. It is noted that such approaches are professional standards of management and leadership, designed to improve the activities of managers.
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S. Kafka. Depreciation of enterprise’s non-current assets: contents and purposes.
On the basis of the economic content of depreciation of fixed assets a disagreement on the interpretation of depreciation as a way to accumulate funds for the reproduction of fixed assets was expressed by the author. Purpose. To explore basic approaches of scientists to the interpretation of economic content of depreciation and develop recommendations to clarify the nature of the present stage of economic development. To examine the actual state of accounting depreciation and justify its appropriateness. Methods. Theoretical methods of cognition (abstraction and generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction and other methods for producing conceptual knowledge) were used for the synthesis of theoretical and methodological principles of accounting depreciation. For analytical research the methods of tabular presentation and comparison of information were used. Results. It has been proved that the depreciation of fixed assets obtained free of charge (including increases in the value of assets) distorts financial information, also it has been illustrated how the procedure of recording other operations in connection with a new look at the content of depreciation (on the example of the accounting of targeted financing) is changed. Conclusion. It was established that under the market conditions depreciation is the systematic return in the turnover of an enterprise of the earlier advanced funds to purchase (manufacturing, improving, getting a contribution to the authorized capital) fixed assets and intangible assets by including the amount of wear to the cost.
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N. Potapova, V. Onishchenko. Reloading complexes of ports as the basis of increase of their competitiveness.
In article it is underlined that transport area it is necessary to consider manufacture which appreciably defines competitiveness of national economy as a basis. In transport system of the sea state the weighty part is played by a sea complex. A basis of competitiveness of seaports is expansion of their industrial potential which is formed directly on the basis of universal reloading complexes with the elevating crane the scheme of mechanisation of cargo works. The condition and productivity of work of park of portal cranes of seaports of Ukraine is analysed. Results of monitoring of structure and a technical condition of park of port cranes on separate ports during 2006-2012 are presented influence of port capacities and their condition on indicators of work of ports Is established and profitability of an overload and efficiency of use of a fixed capital of leaders of port area of Ukraine is analysed. Economic efficiency of activity of ports by means of an indicator of profitability which shows confident growth in a three of leaders is calculated and exceeds, on the average, 30 %. The factor of deterioration of a fixed capital of ports is analysed. The conclusion is drawn on necessity of system updating of the basic means of port most significant of which is the elevating crane the equipment which overall performance directly influences financial result and competitiveness of port as a whole. It is underlined that formation of a policy of updating of the port equipment should be carried out taking into account existing features of dynamics of a cargo turn. Considerably improve a situation realisation of projects concerning park updating the elevating crane the equipment by replacement physically and the obsolete technics can, namely use of the mobile port cranes, which choice is proved as on productivity, and economic efficiency. -
L. Sotnichenko. Establishment of directions of development of the charter market bulker fleet.
In article it is proved that the main forming elements of a conjuncture of the charter market as any free market, demand, the offer and cost for services of sea transport acts. Importance of the information concerning a conjuncture of the world charter market bulker fleet and its tendencies as one of the basic export goods of Ukraine is grain, coal, clay, metal rolling of ferrous metals and other which are transported basically bulker by fleet is proved. The data of sea transportations of the basic mass cargoes, deadweight bulker fleet and average time charter rates of the freight for principal views of bulk ships are analysed. It is established that rates of the freight of different kinds of bulk ships have the similar tendency, level of rates answers deadweight of a vessel. Methods of mathematical statistics are used. On the basis of the data of the average charter rate and average cost of bulk ships it has been spent korreljatsionno-regressionnyj the analysis of influence of factors on charter rates bulker fleet. Indicators of operational loading bulker fleet are defined. The data of time charter rates of the freight for principal views of bulk ships and average cost of bunker fuel is resulted and analysed. The analysis of a conjuncture of the charter market bulker fleet has shown that a maximum level charter rates on transportation of the basic mass cargoes have reached in 2007-2008, and as a whole the period of high rates is necessary on 2003-2008. But financial crisis of 2008-2009 in economic has led to crisis in the charter market of sea transportations. It is underlined that the world charter market had two tendencies: gradual growth of charter rates before financial crisis of 2008-2009, and gradual decrease in rates after it.
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M. Makarenko, V. Boyeva, Y. Klymova. Management of the Mariupol sea trading port on the basis of system of the balanced indicators.
This article says about the methodology of forming of management system based on the system of balanced indicators and its application to the Mariupol Sea Commercial Port. Starting with the choice of the port's strategy and its strategic goals, the tree of goals of the Mariupol commercial port was formed with transfer of these goals to the strategic map. In accordance with the methodology of the Balance Scorecard, all goals are divided into four interrelated projections: "Finance", "Clients", "Internal business processes", "Training and development." Each of the projections contains number of indicators, which characterize the activities of the port. In this article, it is defined the role and influence of the application of the BSC in the enterprise, it is presented the advantages of this management system. It is identified measures to introduce the system into the management of the Mariupol commercial port. There were also identified key features of the system implementation and positive effect for the company. In the conclusion it is defined that this system provides the management of the Mariupol commercial port with a completely modern management tool, that will allow to analyze the critical parameters of current and future development. Also, it will allow to combine the port's strategy with a set of interrelated key performance indicators individually developed for different levels of management.
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A. Gurenko, E. Schenykova, M. Yevsik. A study of the current capacity of a marytime complex of Ukraine.
Disclosed the essence and elements of a marytime complex of Ukraine. It is determined that the current management system is not fully takes into account existing theoretical and methodological approaches. It narrows down the comprehensive assessment of the potential of a marytime complex. The adopted directions of promising development are fragmented and do not allow to expand the possibilities of development of enterprises of Maritime transport. The lack of experience of application of modern management techniques hinders the integration process in the transport sector and leads the country to the loss of competitive positions. Researched constituent elements forming the potential of a marytime complex. Special attention is paid to resource and technological components. Defined by their values and traits. Disclosed the features of transport system functioning in the period of exacerbation of the crisis. Analyzed the priorities for the development of Maritime transport. Reviewed the current regulatory framework, identified contradictions, and fragmented approaches in the system of public administration. Investigated the basic operating enterprises of a marytime complex, the characteristic features of their production capacities. Analysed the key constraints affecting managerial decision making on different levels. Given the number of ways to improve the system of transport management. Determined that the improvement of management processes should be accompanied by systematic measures for the implementation of effective tools of administrative, strategic, industrial, production, operational, financial, investment, design, staffing, innovation, information, environmental management, risk management, management. Proposed to improve the control system of a marytime complex through the development of comprehensive business plans. Improvement of the governance processes must provide for the distribution of functions between the entities based on their specific properties. The recommended actions to minimize risks and losses, increase performance, enhance motivation and social standards, will contribute to strengthening the competitiveness of Maritime transport.
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V. Valikov, V. Bondar, K. Bazileva, I. Кyrinna. The process of capital optimization of industrial enterprise structure.
The analysis of concept of capital of industrial enterprise structure is conducted in the article. Certainly, that equity or all forms of property asset, that is used by an enterprise, can come forward as a property asset. Next conceptions of optimization were distinguished to capital of enterprise : traditional conception of capital structure; conception of indifference of capital structure; compromise conception of capital structure; conception of contradiction of interests in relation to forming of capital structure. Traditional conception provides for that for realization of process of optimization of capital structure on an enterprise, it is needed to take into account that the different constituents of capital have a different cost. She is based on a statement, that the cost of loan capital is always considerably less. Conception of indifference of capital structure provides for that during realization of process of optimization of capital structure directly a capital of enterprise structure renders substantial influence neither on the average cost of capital nor on maximization of his market value. Compromise conception consists in correlation of level of profitableness and risks from the use of capital, that determined by certain terms and are used in the process of optimization of capital of enterprise structure by the achievement of compromise decision. But conception of contradiction of interests of forming of capital structure is based on that proprietors, managers, creditors and investors of enterprise, have a different level of awareness in relation to the process of management by the subject of menage, and in particular by his capital and have different interests in relation to the use of capital of enterprise.
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O. Lyubchuk. The problem of establishing Mariupol as a tourist center: monitoring tourist needs of young people.
The article deals with the problem of development of tourist services of the city of Mariupol on the basis of world tendencies. The current state and perspective directions of formation of the city as a tourist center on the basis of available historical-architectural and cultural resources of the city are analyzed. It is determined that youth tourism contributes to distraction from everyday problems, promotes emotional disorientation, reduces fatigue, organizes leisure according to inquiries, expands the outlook, and acquires new contacts. The feature of youth tourism in Ukraine is a manifestation of high activity in the implementation of domestic and foreign tourism in the teenage period, which is caused by joint tours with or without parents, but at the expense of their financing; Decrease of activity during the period of school termination and admission to higher educational establishments. To do this, a diagnostic toolkit was created. The questionnaire "Memoirs of Mariupol" and the method "Tourist needs and ways of their achievement" have been developed. This technique is developed on the basis of the methodology of Rokicha "Value Orienteering". It allows to determine the levels of formation of "spiritual", recreational, social needs, hobbies and needs of expression in young people. The level of awareness of young people in Mariupol about the presence of tourist facilities in the city was revealed. Among the tourist needs of young people are identified social needs and needs for self-expression. The most popular among young people in the city of Mariupol are cognitive needs, recreational needs, shopping needs and event needs. -
Alieva Mehriban Sh. Perspective calculation systems.
In a globalized economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan, accounting should be systemic, operational and at the same time ensure the strategic development of enterprises. To achieve the above, you need to study and use in the practice of managing subjects of advanced systems calculation of the cost of production. Prospective calculation system in the world have been introduced and used in management accounting at the end of the twentieth century in the context of increased competition and economic risks. Promising system of calculation include: the ABC system (activity-based costing); system "Kaizen costing" system "target costing" system just in time (JIT) and calculation of the latest operation (Endpoint-costing).
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O. Shimko, Ye. Podgora. Dynamics of the market of electrical products and prospects for market development by 2020.
The article deals with the issues of increasing the efficiency and quality of the means of labor, including electrical products. The electro technical industry of Ukraine is the basis for the electrification of all spheres of the national economy of our country, without it is impossible to automate and mechanize the production processes. The nomenclature of products of the electrical engineering industry, for wider access and a clear kind, is divided into the most common types of production in the production. The dynamics of exports of various groups of electrical products from Ukraine for the period of 2012-2016 is considered. The largest drop in exports of electrical products falls to 2015, by 2012 (when there is the largest increase in exports), the fall is 40%. In 2016, a marked increase in exports, which in itself is a positive result of the development of the electrical engineering industry. Analysis of the export of electrical products showed that for 2014-2016, there was a radical change in the direction of exports. If in 2012 and 2013 the main export was to the Russian Federation, bypassing the nearest EU country to Hungary 1.7 times, then in 2015-2016, exports to Russia fell 4.8 times and now it is only in the fourth place by volume, yielding to exports to Hungary, Germany and Poland. Estimated dynamics of quantity of the world market of electrical products in the perspective up to 2020. The general conclusion is made that in Ukraine there is still a high level of dependence of the market for the sale of electrical products from the CIS countries. The promising direction of development of the electrical engineering industry is not to keep up with the products and technologies that have been mastered in the last century, but to attract foreign investors to create new, oriented to the world market of electrical products.
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V. Mishura. Methodology and areas of implementation of the motivation of social responsibility of business.
The concept of social responsibility developed in countries with established market economies during the XX century, and civilized business initiative recognized social values along with economic and society not rejected the idea of commercial profit. During the implementation of the national projects remains an important issue of financial provision for obligations of the state and increase of investment business in the development of social, regional infrastructure. The scale of social responsibility increased consistently with the growth of the resource capacity. Companies engaged in social investment, consciously and prudently invest their resources in the development of society, instead of expecting not only the return of public recognition, but also long-term benefits for your business. Specific social issue becomes important, if created the need and/or private interest (profit) to commit any action (business process) social nature. This condition actualizes the development of the conceptual foundations of the formation and development of motivation mechanism needs social responsibility. The article identifies priority directions of social responsibility of business, taking into account ongoing national projects. They are considered the most important conditions and worded principles to motivations of the business to initiative and high expanses (costs) activity, allowing support the balance an interest business, state and society. The discussed contents of the principles of general relationship and correspondences to valuables principle, of the change principle, the principle of the combination commercial and social practicability.
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V. Rovenska, Н. Krasnozhon. Methods of evaluation of corporate social responsibility and problems of their application in Ukraine.
The need and importance of assessing the level of corporate social responsibility is discussed in the article, since CSR assessment methods are an important tool for making managerial decisions. Three approaches: minimalist, key and comprehensive highlight when evaluating CSR. The prospects of their application are considered. The choice of a specific evaluation methodology is determined, to the greatest extent, by the level of development of CSR. A close relationship exists between the stage of the life cycle and the level of development of corporate social responsibility of the company. Attention is paid to the variety of methods for assessing corporate social responsibility in the article. Methods of calculating stock social indicates that will ensure decision-making within the framework of socially responsible investment have been considered by the authors. Dow Jones Sustainability Index, NASDAQ Social Index, FTSE 4 Good, CLD Social Indeх and other are the examples of stock indices in the field of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development. Method of measuring the index of social investment SROI (social return on investment) viewed separately. The methodology of measuring the company's strategic benefits from CSR activities, the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of corporate social policy in the format of an "information card", and a normative-indicative approach to the methodology for assessing corporate social responsibility are considered. Analysis of methods for assessing the level of corporate social responsibility showed their diversity and identified a number of shortcomings. Each of them does not allow to fully analyze the aggregate of CSR components and reveal its state. A certain need for development on a legislative basis, at least the methodology that will be described by a certain regulatory framework exists in Ukraine This will allow all interested parties in the business process to obtain the necessary information when making their decisions. -
O. Lyaskovets. Modern approaches to evaluation and projecting economic safety in machine building enterprises.
The article presents the results of research of modern methods of forecasting the efficiency of the enterprises of mechanical engineering, which allowed to estimate the level of economic security of these enterprises. The use of the simple moving average method was proposed with the purpose of forecasting the main indicators of the activity of a separate group of enterprises and to increase the reliability of evaluation of the received data. In the course of the analysis, the level of economic security development was assessed and measures were taken to establish the activity of the mechanical engineering enterprises. It is concluded that according to the results of the forecast, the following trend follows the medium method: PuJSC «Zaporizhzhya Mechanical Plant» in 2018 is characterized by a deterioration in the efficiency of the production process, as most indicators have a negative tendency, that is, there was a decline in the level of economic security development; PrJSC «Zaporizhbudmash» in 2018 will increase the level of development of economic security, as the results of financial activity have improved, there is a tendency for the stability of development. Therefore, the use of forecasting methods is appropriate, which confirmed the results of the study and for PuJSC «Zaporizhzhya Mechanical Plant» it is necessary to use a set of measures to increase the level of development of economic security and to avoid the impact of environmental threats.
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M. Karpunina. The conceptual bases of mechanism of resource management in the steel industry in Ukraine.
The author founds a conceptual basis of implementing the mechanism of managing resource conservation process in steel industry of Ukraine by identifying the economic and management components within the mechanism of resource conservation in steel industry. The content and economic relationship of the economic and management components within the conceptual approaches of implementing the mechanism of managing resource conservation process in steel industry is grounded. The results and effects at the level of the economic and management components the conceptual approaches of implementing the mechanism of managing resource conservation process in steel industry is defined and founded. The article offers the concept of steel industry development within implementing the mechanism of managing resource conservation process. The conceptual bases with the methodical approaches of the implementation of such a mechanism formulated the general concept of the development of the metallurgical industry in terms of realization of the mechanism of management of the process of resource conservation. This concept reflects the strategic goal of industry development in accordance with the country's economic development strategy, the goals of implementation of resource conservation at the industry level. The concept of the mechanism of the resource saving contains principles, conditions, levels and directions of the process of resource conservation at the level of the industry.
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L. Kapranova, M. Kapranov. Modern tendencies of development of business in Ukraine.
The article makes an attempt to reveal the modern world trends occurring in the global economic environment. It is proved that the trends of modern development of the Ukrainian economy are the rapid growth of business activity of small and medium-sized businesses. In conditions that nowadays in Ukraine small and medium business can become the main element that can lead Ukraine's economy out of crisis and ensure further rapid growth. It is concluded that Ukraine is on the sidelines of the development of the digital global economy, taking the place of an outsider. It is determined that the development of modern entreprise in Ukraine is first of all the development of small business, because it has significant advantages over big business. Small business is characterized by management methods - simplicity, flexibility in decision-making, lack of bureaucracy, in some cases, combining management and ownership functions. A very important role is played by the human factor. The implementation of technical and business ideas, the common cause, the profit motive attract people, allowing to achieve high performance indicators.
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T. Stroiko, V. Bondar. Innovative renewal of the regional transport infrastructure on the principles of reengineering.
The article proves that for today the transport sector of Ukraine as a whole meets only the basic needs of the economy and the population in transportation. Qualitative indicators on the speed and efficiency of passenger and cargo transportation do not yet meet modern requirements. Potential capacities are not used in full measure, and the prolonged period of decline in industrial and agricultural production and the resulting reduction in transport volumes have led to a significant deterioration in the reproduction process in transport, so the state of its production and technical base can not in the future fully and with the required quality to meet the needs of both domestic and international transport. The conducted studies show that the duration of operation of the majority of rolling stock of rail transport exceeds 25 years. In particular, 60.5% of passenger cars are operated for more than 40 years, which leads to their unsatisfactory technical condition. 63.8% of freight cars are used for 26-40 years. Such a long time of their use negatively affects the level of depreciation of the railway rolling stock, and the entire transport infrastructure. For the period 2010-2015. The depreciation of fixed assets of transport enterprises exceeded 95%, and had a tendency to increase with an annual increase of 0.5%. The extremely negative state of technical means requires the modernization and replacement of rolling stock. Thus, the development of the transport infrastructure remains unsatisfactory and hampers the creation of prerequisites for improving interlinkages both within the country and at the interstate level, providing quality transport services to business entities and the population, developing the export potential of the transport sector, and improving Ukraine's image as a transit country. Therefore, the development of the transport industry and the realization of the potential of transport infrastructure are becoming one of the key elements of the strategy of economic growth of the state as a whole and ensuring its economic security. From this point of view, the use of innovative management technologies would solve the problems of updating and transforming the transport infrastructure of Ukraine. Reengineering is important, as we want to organize work today, taking into account the demand in today's market and the capabilities of today's technologies. The experience of practical application of reengineering in foreign countries convinces that this approach is also necessary for our country in conditions of global economic reform and active promotion of Ukraine into the world economic system.
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A. Cherep, V. Korzhenevskaia. A study of economic instruments for crisis management in mechanical engineering enterprises.
In article investigated and generalized the existing economic instruments of crisis management in enterprises. The authors justified the need and importance of using economic instruments of crisis management to implement effective management in engineering enterprises. The article considers the essence of the model V. Beaver, determined its main advantages and disadvantages, and the practical application of the model on the example of domestic mechanical engineeringenterprises. It is proved that in case of crisis at the enterprises, or high probability of its occurrence, it is mandatory to conduct a deep diagnostic activity to determine level of crisis, the analysis the main causes of the crisis, as well as forecast future losses. The authors focused on the use of key performance indicators express diagnostics of activity the mechanical engineering enterprises with the purpose of early detection and prevention the crisis. In the proposed system of indicators introduced the ratio of permanent capital to productive assets, allowing the management process to consider and analyze the company's provision of available resources and increase the efficiency of their usage. On the basis of the entered into the system express-diagnostics activity of the mechanical engineering enterprises the ratio of permanent capital to productive assets the proposed deterministic factor model of sufficient permanent capital to provide companies with productive assets that can improve their economic sustainability through managing the process of placing their own working capital and long-term sources of funds in the productive assets. The article analyzes the state of the domestic machine-building enterprises with the help of the proposed system of key indicators and the proposed set of anti-crisis measures to mitigate the impact of the crisis and exit from crisis situations for each of them.
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I. Tarlopov. Development of accounting methodology in the management of land resources.
The article presents the results of research methodology of accounting land. The essence of land and land plot is determined, the main land use objects in agricultural enterprises are listed. The comparative characteristic of the land plot with other factors of production is given. The main principles, goals and tasks of land plot registration are formulated. Six basic methods of formation of the accounting information which in aggregate form a method of accounting of the ground grounds are characterized. Proposed codes of accounts and sub-accounts for the registration of land use in agricultural enterprises. In the course of the research, the principles of forming the methodology for accounting of land resources in Ukraine are analyzed. The chronology of the main changes that occurred in the methodology of accounting for land use during the years of Ukraine's independence is given. As a result of the conducted research it is established that modern challenges of globalization have an ambiguous impact on the development of the methodology of accounting for land use in the country. The introduction of universal international financial reporting standards weakens the effectiveness of the entire accounting system in land use, since it does not take into account the requirements of the local economy, landscape conditions and legal regime for the use of land in the country. It is proved that the improvement of the methodology of accounting for land use should go in one direction with the practice of legal regulation of land relations.
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R. Bacho. Institutional aspects of the implementation of public-private partnership in the non-banking financial services markets of Ukraine.
The article considers the directions of implementation of public-private partnership taking into account the specifics of the activity of non-banking financial institutions in Ukraine. It is proved that public-private partnerships in non-banking financial services markets should be considered in those areas where non-banking financial services markets reduce the burden on the state budget and / or improve access of population to socially meaningful services. Such areas of cooperation between the state and non-banking financial institutions are the field of health care, the insurance of natural and man-made disasters, the development of social infrastructure through the issuance of infrastructure bonds, lending by credit unions on measures to improve energy efficiency of buildings and development of small business in the countryside, financing of housing and communal services development at the expense of leasing companies. It is concluded that due to public-private partnership, the introduction of the latest developments and technologies for consumers of non-banking financial services is underway.
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O. Parshyna, T. Chumak. Trend analysis of the tourist sector in Ukraine.
Tourist business is one of profitable industries of world economy. Tourism is included in leading industries of economy in many countries, it develops rapid enough rates and it has an important social and economic value. Information about general payment of tourism to GDP for the countries of the world has been given in the article. The conducted researches certify that development of the tourist sector is especially important for Ukraine, as exactly due to him it is possible to improve a socio-economic situation. The purpose of the article consists in the analysis and exposure of progress of the tourist sector in Ukraine with use of forecast methods. The compressed analysis of the existent forecast methods has been given and the algorithm of research has been developed. Informative databases with statistical information 2000-2016 have been formed. Tendencies of the amount of Ukraine citizens, which drove out for a border, and also to Poland, Germany, Turkey and to Romania have been certain. The forecasts on the next period of time by using the mathematical models have been carried out.
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Skarga O. O., Kushnarenko O. P. On the issue of labor-resource provision of the tourism industry.
The modern stage of world economic development is characterized by increased attention to the needs of the development of the sphere of services in general and the tourism industry in particular, as a catalyst for socio-economic and cultural changes in the development of society. At the same time, there is a realization of the clear dependence of the development of the tourist sphere on the labor supply of the industry as a factor in the formation of the positions of countries in the international market of tourist services. As an important form of international economic relations, tourism has become significant in the second half of the twentieth century. The contribution of international tourism to world GDP is almost 11%, providing employment of more than 10% of the workforce. Tourism accounts for 120 million jobs in the industry and 125 million jobs in related industries. The tourism industry in Ukraine directly and indirectly accounts for 1,570 jobs, which is 7.7% of the total employment of the country's population. At the same time, the cumulative effect is clearly traced. At the same time, Ukraine occupies only 66 positions on the indicator of development of human resources, which increases the relevance of the solution of the problem of the formation of high-quality labor-resource provision of the tourism sector. It is concluded that the solution of the problems of labor resources of the tourism industry should include, firstly, an analysis of the conditions of reproduction and functioning of the labor resource potential of the tourism sector, and secondly, the identification of deficiencies and the identification of opportunities for improving the labor supply of the industry.
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Goroshkova L., Volkov V., Kovalenko G. Elements of the without unpredictability in a management of system of the territorial communities finance.
In work the carried out modeling of conditions of stable functioning of a financial system of a territorial community. The reforming between budget of the attitudes is by stimulus for local communities on the one hand, namely, more effectively to form profitable parts of the budget, and from another - to pass to self-maintenance and more rational planning of the charges, which in the future financial periods will allow to make territorial communities economically self-sufficient and financial capable. Is considered proficit , balanced and scarce variants of the state budget in borders of a territorial community. Is proved, that in conditions balanced or proficit of the state budget of a territorial community expedient there is use of such kinds of economic politics of stabilization: politics of proportional economic stabilization with governmental demand; politics of differential stabilization, at which the regulation is carried out with the help by derivative, that is the governmental demand is connected to speed of change of a part of the national income created in borders of territory. Is established, that the greater efficiency is possible for expecting from the second kind of politics, as use not of absolute sizes of the national income created in borders of territory, and parameter of speed of his change will allow to increase accuracy of model and will expand horizons of forecasting of analyzed parameters. Is proved, that the politics of integrated stabilization at which governmental demand proportional of deficiency of the national income created in borders of territory, which collects, will be effective in case of the scarce budget of a territorial community. Such politics will allow to reduce a level of this deficiency by optimization of a level of expenses.
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L. Goroshkova, V. Volkov, G. Kovalenko. Estimation of stability of a management system of territories in Ukraine.
In work the estimation of stability of a control system of the state and his territories in conditions of existing managing and territorial device of Ukraine is carried out. Is shown, that this mechanism is three-level: the management at the first level is carried out within the limits of a territorial community (village, urban, advice occupied item). To the second level of management it is possible to attribute administrative areas. The highest level of management is a level of area. Is shown, that the specified control system constructed on principles of vertical submission, that is chief of a highest level carries out managing influence on the chiefs of the lowest ranks. In such system only chiefs of a highest level have an opportunity to work in interests of business. The chiefs of the lowest level any more have no such opportunity, they carry out the orders of the bosses. All circuit of management similarly is under construction. To results of researches is proved, that the control system of territories in Ukraine is not optimum, as mathematic is proved, that it is not steady. It testifies to an absolute must in reforming territorial organization of authority in Ukraine on the basis of decentralization. Is proved, that by a prime task of this reform is of optimization of a spatial basis of functioning of bodies of authority, which the administrative - territorial device is. The important element in new system should become territorial communities, as at their level probably to ensure proof socio economic development both regions, and country as a whole by rational use of their potential.
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L. Goroshkova, V. Volkov, G. Kovalenko. Specificity of management of a territorial community self-financing.
In work is constructed mathematical model management of a territorial community with use of diversified model of a national and kaydzen-strategy. Is proved what to ensure self-financing of a territorial community probably at the expense of managing influence on such elements of difficult system, as: agriculture, namely animal industries (on kinds), рlan industries (on kinds), industry, resources etc.Тhe оffered model can be used for an estimation of influence on general result of functioning of a territorial community of the investigated basic parameters in view of entered restrictions connected that the territorial community was considered as closed system. Such restrictions have permitted to simulate a situation of self-financing of a territorial community. Is proved, that the application of kaydzen-strategy will allow effectively to organize, to supervise and to carry out managing influence on which difficult system there is a territorial community in conditions of its dynamic development. Use of strategy kaydzen-strategy, namely concept of constant improvement, will allow to ensure increase of a level of organization of economic activity in borders of territories and will create conditions for dynamic development both territorial community, and country in general. In a result, it will create an opportunity to generate effective regional politics, which takes into account precise definition of territory, its border, is natural - resource potential and socio economic condition. Under such circumstances three-level control system of territories can effectively function in long-term prospect.
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L. Goroshkova, V. Volkov, G. Kovalenko. Tree of models of money flows management of a territorial community.
In work the tree of models in management of money flows of territorial communities is constructed with the purpose of creation of the mechanism, which will allow to make territorial communities economically itself sufficient and financial capable. The basic attention is given to such models: Baumol, Baumol-Тоbin, Оrden-Sundrem, Miller-Оrr. Is shown, that the differences between them consist in different definition and mathematical formalization of processes of receipt and expenses of money, system of restrictions, which are necessary for taking into account. But general for them there is that in all models the essential meaning(importance) is removed(allocated) not only money, and share component of the financial market, as to a source of reception of the incomes. Is proved, that it is expedient to use the specified models, during management of financial resources of a territorial community. On the basis of the carried out analysis the conclusion is made, that logistic of model can be applied not only to storekeeping material resources, but also rationally use during construction of optimum model management of financial resources of a territorial community. Is proved, that the constraining factor concerning management of the finance of a territorial community is not a sufficient level of development of the market of valuable papers. The management of the share market in a direction of expansion of opportunities functioning in this market of territorial communities will get rid of lack probably under condition of improvement of working system. Is shown, that the models can be effective under condition of their use during management of financial resources in the short-term period (within budget year). Expedient there is also management of financial resources of a community on bases budgeting, instead of traditional financial planning. That is budget of a territorial community due to be flexible, it can be corrected within calendar year. Surplus or lack of financial resources (deficiency or proficiency) owe correcting mobility. Only under such circumstances, it is possible to ensure financial stability in development of a territorial community.
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