No. 34
Published:
2017-09-28
Статті
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V. Voloshyn. On the problem of new properties of money in contemporary society.
The article represents a retrospective analysis of properties of money and separate aspects of its influence upon the world’s economy. Defined were the properties of money, reasons and time for its origin and the result of its impact on economy, politics and the society. It was shown that the properties of money first influenced development of private business as a means of acquiring capital, loans and opportunity for crediting. Appearance of the properties of money as a function of accumulating and proportionality in evaluation of human labour invested into goods could not have a serious impact upon national economy. In retrospect five time intervals could be singled out (the stage of origin of money, since creation of new trade ways at the time of Mongol invasion, the beginning of prevailing of paper money in Europe and the rest of the world, the world’s capitalization of money and nowadays conflicts of money and the world’s economy). In retrospect it may be concluded that the properties of money assisted the development of national and monopolistic and inter-state economies, not promoting development of private business. -
M. Makarenko. The economic potential of the region as the basis for its development.
The article proves that the study of the problems of development of economic potential of individual regions at the present stage is of particular importance. This is due to the fact that it becomes a prerequisite for ensuring the effective implementation of socio-economic reforms in the country. The situation is aggravated by the strengthening of integration processes in all spheres of public life, therefore the possibility of acquiring a certain competitive advantage in the region through the development of its economic potential requires research. It is emphasized that in most cases economic potential is considered as the aggregate capacity of the economy and its branches, enterprises, farms to carry out production and economic activities, to produce products, goods and services, to meet the needs of the population, social needs, to ensure the development and needs of the consumer. On the basis of studying literary sources and practice of functioning of regions in Ukraine, as well as taking into account the results of their own studies, it was possible to identify the main elements of the economic potential of the region. The components of the economic potential of the region are considered. It is established that the main task of improving the management of development and the use of economic potential as the basis of the mechanism for managing the formation of competitive advantages of the region is to evaluate and identify the main objects and directions, to make changes to these elements, and to modernize them in accordance with those strategic tasks that are set before the region. For a real assessment of the economic potential of the region, we consider it expedient to include certain indicators in this complex concept and highlight specific priorities. In the article the essence of the concept of economic potential is investigated, methods of economic potential management are proposed, which are based on the use of heuristic methods. It is suggested in the management to use the definition of the strength of the relationship between components of economic potential. -
P. Korenyuk. Natural resource rent and legal basis of use of natural resource.
Now the natural environment requires comprehensive protection and protection against endangering degradation and total contamination, the terrible depletion of certain types of natural resources. The state, through economic incentives for improving the quality of natural resources, should influence the private sector of the resource to rationalize the use of natural resources. Legal protection is a technological and economic direction. Owners of natural objects (state or private sector) are monopolists in establishing and regulating the order of use, protection and expanded reproduction of natural resources. The Constitution of Ukraine consolidated the legal rights of property and private property to natural objects with the right to own land, mineral resources, water, forests. The mechanism of environmental responsibility does not depend on the system of interests and economic incentives. Real transition to paid nature management on the basis of calculation and use of natural resource rent, construction of an effective system of ecological analysis. The interdependence and interdependence of the mechanism of mutual responsibility, which are closely related to the environmental and economic interests, incentives and economic mechanism of nature use can be displayed using such an approximate scheme: the act of the economic and legal mechanism of environmental responsibility in the system of the economic mechanism of nature management; economic mechanism of nature use; incentives and motives for the realization of interests; ecological, social, economic and legal needs; efficiency and final results of nature management; ecological, social and economic and legal interests of enterprises, industries, regions, individuals, the state, society as a whole; purposefulness; ecological-economic and economic-legal behavior of operating entities (environmental, economic and legal relations), a systemic economic and legal mechanism of environmental responsibility. It is expedient to effectively attract natural resource rent for the implementation of the system of measures for the extended reproduction of natural resources, in particular the fertility of productive lands.
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M. Shopova. Quantitative methods in economics training.
The development of modern economic science is inextricably linked with the use of quantitative methods in research. Mathematical knowledge is needed to facilitate the study of economic disciplines at a modern level. This paper focuses on the potentialities of mathematics learning for the economic training of students. It presents different aspects of the application of mathematics in economics and economic research as well as the use of mathematical models. The paper justifies the need for designing an appropriate mathematics course, which will provide future economists with theoretical knowledge and practical skills to solve real business problems. -
Shvets G. The current business environment of small and medium business in Ukraine.
In the article the author's definition of «business environment». Presented by the features of the business environment, such as the business environment is part of the social environment and ideally serves the increase of national wealth and prosperity. Determined classification of the business environment in the following classification criteria: in relation to the activities of businesses; the level of aggregation; the level of intensity of the interaction between the company and its environment; the level of risk; the nature of the business impact; in terms materialize; the level of government intervention; openness; and the level of dynamism; on functional grounds; the method of coordination of economic activities; the degree of industrial and economic development. An evaluation sequence business environment. The mechanism of the relationship factors of business environment where businesses are participating economic actors: the company, competitors, suppliers, customers, contact groups, intermediaries. Defined and described integral indicator of the relationship of the enterprise and business environment. Are the main reasons that hinder the development of the business environment in Ukraine. The rating of Ukraine and similar economies index «Doing Business» 2017 and Ukraine's position on the main points of the rating «Doing Business». An index of economic policy on SMEs in Ukraine and scores Ukraine Index of economic policy on SMEs in 2016. Presented a SWOT-analysis of small and medium businesses. -
P. Korolov. Controlling as a Function of Management of Corrosion Protection of Fixed Assets of Industrial Enterprises.
Based on the analysis of the latest research, it has been proved that the uncertainty of the technical state, the depreciation of industrial facilities is a threat to the process safety of enterprises. Justified is the necessity of assessing the technical and process risks for developing the motivational mechanisms of innovation and investment restoration of economic capital as a factor of sustainable development of enterprises. Scientific and methodological basis are proposed for controlling procedure based on the cycles of development of corrosion protection (CC) of industrial facilities. Elements, functions and tasks have been formed for developing a system of corrosion-and-economic accounting. Conditions have been created for application of indication index of the technical state of the long-lived facilities by introducing the integral criteria (indices) of corrosion protection. It is specified that the basis for institutional designing is the interaction between an analyst and a specialist in the team of risk analysis of systems of corrosion protection of structures (SCPS). This team provides source information for assessing the balanced indicators of innovative development of CC measures. Presented are the practical examples of using the controlling methods. In particular, the design alternatives have been preliminary estimated, the expenses have been calculated and the resource costs have been budgeted which can be effectively used to ensure the specified level of risk of SPSK. The author's paradigm is specified for assessing the investment risks when restoring the corrosive structures. In order to save the resources and to assure the process safety, we recommended the owner of industrial facilities to use materials and technologies of CP, which bring profit, enable to receive the expected profit from their use and meet the requirements of the concept of Lean Six Sigma «lean production». -
Ia. Vovk. Modeling of adaptive industrial equipment management system.
Currently, heavy industry enterprises in Ukraine have outdated technologies and equipment. This led to a significant break in the quality of products produced in the ukrainian market and abroad. Considering the significant potential for the development of Ukrainian industry, it is necessary to create a new enterprise management system that will improve the efficiency of the use of resources and create a deposit for future upgrading of technologies and equipment. Taking into account, new trends in the development of control systems, it is necessary to develop a self-regulatory system that will direct the system of heavy industry enterprises to the reengineering of existing business processes. To achieve the goal, it is proposed to introduce an adaptive model of equipment management of industrial enterprises. The work analyzed the ways of modeling systems management equipment and adaptive modeling of systems management changeable equipment metallurgical plant development. On the base of a research of modeling methods of management system it was analyzed system of management of changeable equipment metallurgical plant JSC "Zaporizhstal". To solve the problems of creating a model of adaptive control system equipment steel plant it was proposed to create new automated analysis tools and adaptive normalization changeable equipment steel plant JSC "Zaporizhstal". It is proposed an author's model of the supplier's evaluation, which allows to create a pessimistic forecast of the index of equipment stability. It was considered the development and implementation of adaptive management system of changeable equipment of metallurgical plant JSC "Zaporizhstal",in order to show efficiency of a created adaptive management system of changeable equipment of metallurgical plant JSC "Zaporizhstal" it was count the real economic effects and the expected effects of the implement developmentsactions. -
O. Tarasevich. Quality of staff as an imperative to the development of industrial enterprises.
The article shows the necessity of carrying out scientific researches for the assessment of the quality of the personnel of industrial enterprises as an imperative of its development. The importance of evaluating the professional quality of the personnel of industrial enterprises is confirmed by the fact that its results should be the basis for the adoption of appropriate management decisions on the organization of individual vocational training procedures, the selection of the most cost-effective and methodologically effective external providers of training programs, the calculation of the planned need for a particular type of vocational training, and determining its optimal duration, adjusting volumes and directions of directing investment flows for the purpose the intensification of the processes of accumulation of human capital, the rationale for the loyalty of staff appointments, the formation of a personnel reserve at industrial enterprises. The paper proposes a methodology for assessing the quality of the personnel of enterprises. It is concluded that the industrial enterprises should pay more attention to improving such qualitative characteristics of the process of professional development of the personnel as availability, practical orientation, progressiveness and effectiveness of the curricula, their compatibility with production needs, the degree of motivated students to achieve high results during training. It is proved that on the basis of raising the quality of the personnel, the enterprise will be able to receive simultaneously two positive effects - personnel development, and increase of indicators of the results of production and economic activity.
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T. Logutova, M. Poltoratskiy. Analysis of the activities of Ukrainian seaports: prospects for development.
The article analyzes the modern legal basis of the functioning of the maritime industry of Ukraine, identifies the key categorical apparatus of the maritime industry (administration of seaports, seaport water area, port infrastructure facilities, stevedoring company); the general structure of subordination of branches in the State Enterprise "AMPU" is formed and graphically represented; the activity of Ukrainian port-leaders for cargo handling was investigated; An analysis of the total volumes of handling of stevedoring companies' goods in seaports in 2015 - 9 months 2017 by key groups (bulk, bulk dry cargo, tare-piece) and the rates of growth of volumes of cargo processing are calculated; analyzed and identified key issues in the maritime industry related to the cargo base, lack of regional support in the development of seaports, lack of clear tools for influencing institutional changes in ports; the key strategic projects for improvement of the infrastructure in seaports have been explored and allocated in accordance with seaport development plans (dredging projects, berth construction, construction of a terminal for transshipment of agricultural products, formation of the information system of the Marine Single Window); analyzed and highlighted the key public events of the development of the marine industry of Ukraine at the national and world level.
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T. Derevianko. Social responsibility assessment and its application in the practice of enterprises.
In paper the analysis existing estimation methods of the enterprises corporate social responsibility (CSR). It is noted the experience of implementation and evaluation of CSR is summarized in world standards and reports on corporate social responsibility. The research publications domestic of CSR researchers showed that the problems social responsibility of enterprises are considered mainly in the theoretical plane or tied to enterprise costs to solve internal social problems. Therefore, the practical issues of CSR evaluation are open for further research. The paper proposes using the integrated indicator of social responsibility as CSR index of the enterprise. The CSR index is presented in the form of a hierarchy that correspondents the principles the science of qualimetry. At the second level, the CSR hierarchy is the superposition external and internal indices of the social responsibility of the enterprise. Most indicators of the proposed CSR model are subjective. Taking into account the fact that the unit indicators of the hierarchical model CSR have different units of measurement, it is proposed to proceed to the ball assessments. Flexibility of the proposed model manifests itself in the processes of generalization of indicators at different hierarchy's levels. The quantitative values CSR index are proposed to be investigated in the dynamics, that will allow to manage social responsibility and study its impact on sustainable enterprise development. Made remark on the availability of a time lag behind between the indicators of sustainable development of an enterprise and quantitative values of CSR. Size of the lag behind depends on state support for CSR, the mentality of society and other impact factors. -
Z. Frolova. Tool’s for improving the management of an enterprise in conditions of energy shortages.
The paper analyzes the historical aspects of the development of international energy management, examines its individual stages. The focus is on the fact that in 2011 the new ISO standard for energy management systems - ISO 50001 was developed. It is noted that the purpose of this standard is to help organizations to establish systems and processes to increase energy efficiency, improve the use and reduce the number consumed energy. The emphasis is on the fact that the standard is based on applying a methodology known as the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) plan-do-test-check-act. It is emphasized that the ISO 50001 standard is a tool for continuous improvement of energy management. It is noted that this document contains general requirements for the energy management system, determines the responsibility of management in this process, and describes the energy saving policy. The emphasis is placed on the fact that for today in Ukraine the necessary theoretical and methodological base in the field of building the energy management system has already been laid down in the national standards of DSTU 4472, DSTU 4715 and DSTU 5077. It is emphasized that these standards are developed on the basis of the management principles laid down in the set of international standards of the DSTU ISO 9000, DSTU ISO 14000, as well as the principles of automation of process control laid down in the standards of the Automated Control Systems series. It is emphasized that a certified energy management system can be integrated with other management systems of the enterprise. The scheme of introduction of energy management system at the enterprise is offered. It is noted that due to the standard, transparency in the management of energy resources is achieved; priority is being given to the introduction of new energy-saving technologies. The conclusions emphasize that the economy of developed countries has long and effectively used the developed international standards for energy management, while in the Ukrainian industry the introduction of these standards is still at an early stage. In those enterprises where this process is implemented, there is a reduction in energy consumption to 5-10% in the first year of such management.
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N. Solidor. Innovative Approaches to Power Generation by Nontraditional Methods.
The contribution investigates both worldwide and domestic trends of the evolution of the market of renewable energy sources, in particular, wind power. It is noted that Ukraine has a significant unutilized capacity in the field of wind-power engineering; orientation at a coal and nuclear strategy, at a big hydropower, the absence of understanding the importance of innovation introduction and of solving environmental problems put brakes, however, on the domestic wind-power industry. The contribution notes that, during the recent decades, the modern wind-power engineering became one of the most investment attractive industries and competes successfully with the traditional electricity generation methods in many countries worldwide. Inexhaustible resource base and environment friendliness are decisive advantages of renewable energy sources, in particular, wind power under conditions of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the increasing environmental pollution. The contribution defines prospects for the development of the wind-power industry in Ukraine and proposes an innovative project of the construction of an offshore wind-driven power plant in the shelf of the Sea of Azov, Donetsk Region. For the purposes of performing both analytical and prediction pre-investment calculations, the analysis of sensitivity and the break-even analysis, the analysis of efficiency of innovative & investment projects in the wind-power engineering, the author recommends employing a new method including the complete set of calculations of technoeconomic characteristics of the wind-driven power plant. So, the basic figures of the financial plan of the innovative project has been calculated in accordance with the provisions of the UNIDO method of economic project evaluation and new scientific recommendations and recommendations on methods of Ukrainian scientists regarding an efficiency evaluation of investment projects for wind-driven power plants. These calculations provide a qualitative justification of the attractiveness of wind-driven power plants located in the territory of Ukraine for the purpose of attracting investments to this sector of the domestic power engineering. The project proposed corresponds to the strategic directions of the development of the Ukrainian power-generating industry and will foster both social and economic development of the region. The implementation of the project will make a strong contribution into the innovative development of the domestic power engineering and will make good the existing deficit in the power balance of Donetsk Region.
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A. Sahirova. Cluster model of the economy: world experience and prospects of Ukraine.
An analysis is made of the formation and development of clusters in the world economy. The importance of the cluster as an important and universal tool for increasing the competitiveness of the economies of individual countries (or their regions), as well as for the effective development of the modern global economy, is underlined. Particular attention is paid to the development of clusterization of the European Union's economy. Identify the main industries of European countries, in which a large number of clusters operate. The innovation character of many clusters is underlined, as well as their focus on the economic development of the backward regions of the country. The mechanisms of their formation are investigated. Generalized world experience of the role of the state in stimulating and developing clusters. The experience of the United States of America in the cluster organization of production is considered. And also, especially the cluster policy in the US, which is based on the fact that science and business in this country cooperate on the principle of commercialization and competition. The state and system problems of development of clusters in the economy of Ukraine are determined. The spheres of economy and sector, in which clusters were created: the construction industry, light industry, agrarian sector and tourism were revealed. Prospective directions of clustering at the level of transport infrastructure, transboundary clusters and clusters with IT technologies are indicated. The strategic priorities of the development of national clusters as a component of the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy are substantiated.
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T. Schestakowa. А new approach to the determination of the place of the HR-strategy in the general system of strategic management by the enterprise.
Some aspects of forming staffing strategy that use modern industrial enterprises are review in this article. The analysis of literary sources and real practice of management testifies that effective work of enterprise in a great deal depends on descriptions of labour resources, their ability of optimal realize main objective of productive activity − get a profit. Therefore management problems by a personnel, foremost design of strategic directions of personnel management, must be main in general control system an enterprise. It is marked that between strategy of management a personnel and organizational strategy are different variants co-operations, depending on that management strategy a personnel can be both inferior in relation to strategy of enterprise on the whole and combined with it, forming single unit. According to the offered new approach, staffing strategy of modern enterprise must become basis of forming both business strategy and all functional strategies, that is, to occupy a central place in the system of strategic management. The need to change traditional approaches of strategic personnel is confirmed by the analysis of efficiency of staffing strategy PJSC «AZOVSTAL IRON & STEEL WORKS». During realization of the staffing strategy of combine, formed in accordance with Michigan conception of strategic management of human capitals, not all work assignments with a personnel resulted in the expected results. conceptual change in the approach to design the staffing strategy, forming it on new principles will allow more actively to involve the main competitiveness factor - personnel of enterprise. -
Gorokhova T., Babek H. Formation of marketing strategy in the local government system.
The article shows that strategic planning of social and economic development of the city is a systematic process by which local authorities can form the direction of development of the city and determine the stages of achieving the future based on the use of local resources. Highlighted that the development of the city is a multi-dimensional process, which always has a target orientation, that is, aimed at achieving one or more goals. It is noted that marketing experience in business can be used as a basis for the development of marketing complex in the field of local self-government, but taking into account the specifics of this sphere. Also were analyzed the problems of urban strategic planning. It is shown that in developing the strategy, the place, role and functions of the city are identified, the economic and organizational mechanisms of strategy implementation are substantiated. It was determined that modern methods of management of local government provide the basis for reforming this management mechanism. The role of marketing at the local level is not only in the analysis of the market, the demand for products produced in a particular territory, but also in the formation of a favorable investment climate, that is, the key tool for increasing the competitiveness of the territory, which allows to expand access to innovative projects, innovative technologies, etc. The article determined that the characteristics of the development of the territory affect the process of forming the brand and causes a more detailed and complex process of developing the mechanism of branding of this territory. Strategic directions for increasing the efficiency of local government management were proposed, taking into account the specifics of this sphere of economic activity. -
V. Lisovska, V. Stasiuk. Study one of the model of rational consumer behavior in the market.
The article investigates the function of consumer utility with a standard budget constraint. In this paper, we study the example of the consumer choice of essential goods and luxury goods, the question of whether demand for essential goods will be limited if the income tends to infinity is investigated. The basis of consumer choice of the buyer is its advantages. The choice of the consumer is determined both by its advantages, and by the price of the chosen product, and also by its income. It is assumed that such a choice brings the buyer the greatest benefit in terms of budget constraints.
In this paper, we consider one of the models of consumer choice, which characterizes the features of the consumer's optimal choice in different situations. At the same time, we believe that one product is cheaper than another. In particular, the question is whether these products are interchangeable (mutually polled), or normal (valuable or inferior) or Giffen goods. It also turns out the question of whether the demand for each product depends on changes in prices for another product.
The function of consumer utility of a certain type is investigated. An example of consumer choice of essential goods and luxury goods is considered. In particular, we consider a consumer set of two products. It is proved that if the income tends to infinity, then the demand for essential goods is limited and tends to a constant value, and the demand for luxury goods increases unlimitedly.
The relationship is proved, which means that at the point of contact of the budget line to its indifference curve, the slopes (angular coefficients) of the lines (the indifference curve and the budget line) are the same. It is shown that the demand for the first product does not depend on the price of the second product, and the demand for the second product depends on the price of the first product.
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Lyubchuk O., Yarchenko Y. The problem of development of the market of qualifications for the tourism industry in Ukraine.
The article considers the most important conditions for the development of the world market of tourist services on the basis of positive and negative influence factors. The article demonstrates the need to improve professional training for the development of the qualification market in Ukraine. In addition, in the article the components of the concept of training specialists in the field of tourism are developed on the basis of the professional standard. The article specifies the features of professional standards for post-industrial society. It has been determined that the competencies of the professional standard should include basic labor functions, additional professional competences, personal and social competencies. Acquiring these competencies for the tourism industry should include the functions of psychophysiology and personality traits that are characteristic of a tourism specialist.
Found that a specialist in tourism should be formed: the ability to work in a team, the ability to partner in interaction, the ability to make integrated decisions, the ability to design projects.
In accordance with the requirements of the market of qualifications, the training of tourism professionals should include both studying in a higher education institution and industrial practices at tourism industry enterprises and additional training. There is a review of the directions and principles of the Confederation of Employers to develop professional standards for the development of the national economy in accordance with the requirements of the qualification market in Ukraine. The article shows that training specialists on the basis of professional standards eliminates the problem of "overstated" business requirements and allows to form the necessary behavioral stereotypes and business qualities on the basis of certain competencies for the qualification market. -
Hasanov Ismail Djafar oglu. Multi-vector development of the economy of Azerbaijan.
In the article, the author notes that the volume of products exported from Azerbaijan to world markets will increase. All this will be achieved due to the multi-vector development of the country's economy. The process of integration of our country into the world economy began with the signing of the historic "Contract of the Century". At the present time, this process is already intense. Thus, the author considers it predictable that the share of the oil sector will significantly decrease in the formation of the state budget revenues, which contributes to the annual reduction of our country's dependence on oil revenues due to the branching of the economy in several directions. This can be regarded as the result of a purposeful activity in the field of ensuring the dynamic development of the country's non-oil sector through the implementation of large-scale socio-economic reforms.
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Hasanova Afat Mammadali. The role of foreign investment in the formation of state budget.
In the article, the author notes that in connection with the fulfillment of similar tasks facing the country in a market economy, one of the main problems is the issue of increasing the efficiency of the volume of investments and their use. As in all countries, and in Azerbaijan, economic reforms require constant improvement in attracting foreign capital to the country's economy and analyzing it, giving an even greater stability to the investment climate. Due to the fact that the economic potential of our country is more concentrated in the fuel and energy sector, in order to maintain proportions in the economy and the stable pace of economic development, the state takes all the necessary steps for the further proportional development of not only the fuel and energy complex, but also all other branches of the economy, especially the non-oil sector.
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Huseynova Shahla Akif. Financial globalization as a guarantor of the effectiveness of the country's economy.
In the article, the author points out that one of the main trends in the development of the world economy in recent years is the process of globalization.
Therefore, the implementation of a balanced policy in the field of public and private borrowing, the timely adoption of measures necessary to strengthen the state's position in managing the arrears of the public sector of the economy and regulation of external debt of the private sector is an important factor ensuring the country's macroeconomic stability, as excessive external debt is negatively reflected on the creditworthiness of the country as a whole.
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Vafa Nacafova. Impact of budget expenditures and revenues on GDP.
In the article, the author indicates the macroeconomic processes taking place in the world, which had influence on the economy of Azerbaijan as well. Thus, the fiscal policy for 2017 was prepared in accordance with the main trends and challenges observed in the global economy, and by taking into account the strategic priorities of the development of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
In this way, in order to increase the budget deficitshould be attributedboth internal and external factors. In order to eliminate such undesirable situations or at all to prevent the possibility of their existence, it is necessary to preserve economic stability in the country, successfully solve the tasks facing the state. Moreover, in order to maintain a balance (balance) between revenues and expenditures of the state budget achieve a solution and other such important economicissues. Another way to reduce this dependence needdevelopment, adoption, and implementation of the Strategic Roadmap, which also stimulates the development of the non-oil sector of our country. -
O. Kalinin. Investor – oriented strategy for the enterprises development in the industrial market.
The article examined aspects of interdependence of an investor – oriented development strategy, market positions of the company and economic indicators of the leaders of a highly concentrated industry. It was noted that these enterprises grow on average on a larger scale than the industry in general. This is affected by the opportunity to grow through the mergers and acquisitions of competitors and building a long-term economic relations with customers, as well as quickly respond to market changes. The leading companies were studied in the market of industrial gases. This market is highly concentrated and in general is on 75% controlled by 3 companies - Air Liquide, Praxair, Linde Group, that performance indicators were analyzed in this article. The sphere of production and sale of industrial gases was chosen because this industry has been growing dynamically and has positive forecasts for further growth in the future. Also, industry leaders are quite investment-attractive companies. Also, companies consider their strategy in terms of maximizing the profits of investors in the long term run, and today this is one of the most important indicators of the efficiency of enterprises. In the article, the growth rates and prospects for the development of the world market of industrial gases were investigated. Also, the growth rates of sales and net profit of the main competitors in the market were noted. The characteristics were given to the main financial and economic indicators of enterprises - leaders of the industry. The main factors of influence on the development of the industry as a whole and the main players on the market are singled out. The analysis of the main sales markets and sources of profit of the companies was carried out. The main and prospective regions for the marketing of industrial gases are indicated, the methods of their sale are compared and their contribution to the total profit from sales. Conclusions are drawn that despite the concentration of the industrial gas market, the large financial opportunities of the main players in the industry, the contribution of effective marketing management actions is significant, and its importance will only grow in the future. -
I. Ugrimovа, A. Gryshchenko. Problems of risk in the system of crisis management small businesses.
The issues of small businesses survival are critical and require using a new methodological approach in management of their activities with the mutual integration of anti-crisis management and risk management methods. The advisability of its implementation in the diagnostic provision of anti-crisis financial management in this article is based on the financial analysis and subsequent processing of financial indicators of a sample of small businesses, with the justification of the scientific and methodological principles of integrated assessment of the financial risks level and formation of preventive anti-crisis measures. The practicality of this approach lies in the fact that a head of a small business has the opportunity independently, using the Excel application, to assess the level of risk based on assessing the achieved potential with minimizing subjective influences and to determine management priorities to maintain the financial safety of the enterprise operation. This is shown on the example of the proposed approach approbation on the actual data of one of the sample population enterprises. Using the proposed methodology for risk assessment and recognition of the priorities sequence, an investor (creditor) is also able to assess the feasibility of its participation in financing activities of the company or a certain set of them.
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L. Filipishina. The Evolution of Conceptual Approaches to Forming the Strategy of Stable Economic Development of Industrial Enterprises.
The formation of the concept of stable development has turned out to be the logical consequence of the greening of science and economics typical for late 1960s – early 1970s. It has passed a long evolutionary way which can be divided into three stages: origin, formation of theoretical bases and the stage of the concept systematization. Disclosure of the essence of each stage gives a comprehensive idea of its development patterns. The gradual transition of the concept from the macrolevel of problem formation to the microlevel is noted. The tendency of business involvement in solving global problems has been revealed. Regional problems of stable development and participation of industrial enterprises in its maintenance become the subject of discussion even more often. The carried-out analysis of the evolution of the concept of stable development has shown that at present this concept is implemented in the form of four main approaches: ecological-systemic, cluster, triune и that of business stable development. The analysis of publications of foreign and domestic authors of definitions of the concept “stable development” has allowed identifying priority directions. It is defined that the stable development of an industrial enterprise is determined by a system of factors directed to improving the quality of people’s life with preservation of the environment. As far as the economic aspect is concerned, the factor of stable interrelations with market contractors is getting the leading part in stable development. It can be achieved by applying innovative technologies. There is a suggestion of using the index allowing assessing the number and effectiveness of innovative processes at an industrial enterprise as one of the indicators of its stable development. -
G. Korotich. Doctrine of the balanced development «Ukraine 2030»: humanistic aspects of economic problems.
Doctrine of the balanced development «Ukraine 2030», which describes the current economic model of Ukraine, is analyzed. The great importance of this document for the formation of the strategy of the progressive development of Ukraine is emphasized. The aspiration of the authors of Doctrine comprehensively to approach to the decision of this task is marked. It is indicated on the importance and timeliness of the principles of a new social agreement, on the key role of human capital, which is the main potential of economic development. At the same time, it is indicated on the shortcomings of Doctrine, which needs to be finalized. The authors of Doctrine paid insufficiency attention to the research of the axiological aspect of economic and other problems. In particular, the document does not reveal the decisive role of spiritual values (first of all, moral) in the achievement of the balanced development. A man is considers, mainly, as an economic category. It is shown that the anthropocentric model of balanced development proposed in Doctrine is not indisputably positive from the point of view of its consequences. Among the historical manifestations of this model are technocentrism and economocentrism, which contributed to the deepening of the global problems. The article emphasizes that a person should be perceive as such integrity that has an independent value. The analysis of the economic feasibility of reforms must combine with the analysis of their moral aspect. It was emphasized that the provisions of Doctrine should be supplemented by an analysis of ways to improve education for balanced development, research into the philosophical foundations of this development, and the formation of a balanced system of values. In this system, spiritual values must occupy a main place. -
L. Bukharina, B. Baklazhkov. The features of the implementation process of environmental management at industrial enterprises.
The relevance of the topic is determined by need to increase the level of environmental policy of the activities of Ukrainian business entities. The theoretical and applied aspects of the implementation of environmental management system at domestic industrial enterprises are to be examine as a subject of the study. The main goal is to discover the features of ecological objectives and strategies of Ukrainian industrial enterprises in order to implement the environmental management. The basic methods of the study are analytical, systemic and comparative, institutional and structural-functional approaches The scientific significance of the work is to determine the features of implementation process of environmental management on domestic industrial enterprises. The article identifies the relationship between the state of the environment and the methods used by the enterprises. The processes of the environmental management system are presented with the use of the Shewhart-Deming cycle (PDCA). The potential benefits reflected in the performance of enterprises from the implementation of the environmental management are analyzed. The possible factors and barriers that can inhibit the development and implementation of the environmental management system are identified. The results of the research highlights the necessity of implementation of the environmental management system that can provide improving of the environmental state, saving of the resources, reducing expenses of the enterprise what will contribute to take a competitive position in domestic and international markets.
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M. Gorbachevskaya. Financial and economic security of the enterprises of the machine-building industry.
The article defines the place and role of financial and economic security of the enterprises of the machine-building industry. The article reveals the tendencies of development of machine building of Ukraine. The significance of economic security for machine-building enterprises is highlighted. The main aspects of ensuring the system of economic security of the enterprise are considered. It is noted that the financial and economic safety of mechanical engineering should provide a leading role in the development and operation of the country's economic system for its further functioning. The author determines that in order to create a transparent and favorable economic space, for the development of mechanical engineering and the national economy as a whole in the region, it is necessary to develop financial and economic security and to ensure a transparent foreign and domestic policy of the country which depends to a great extent on the level of stability and significance of its economic security. This is a fundamental issue because, based on the financial and economic security of machine building, the state becomes an essential multilevel system that constantly needs to protect all its actors at different levels of the economic management structure: the state, region, industry, sector of economy, individual enterprise, person. It is impossible to carry out an analysis of the financial and economic security of the enterprises of the machine-building industry without the necessary information on the level of its economic and financial security. This information is needed not only for the owners of the company and its managers, but also gives investors and lenders some opportunity to analyze the company for its attractiveness for the introduction of new elements of investment and lending.
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K. Novikova. Competitiveness of the enterprise: essence and content.
The article determines that the theoretical basis of competitiveness is competition, which, given the multifaceted nature of manifestations, is determined by the diversity of approaches to its characteristics. "Competition" is a term used in a number of values. A lot of different models have been developed, each of which was substantiated by one or another "label" of competition and characterizes its separate aspects. It is noted that the realization of the main task of competition - the conquest of the market, it is possible under the condition of competent competitive policy on the basis of mobilization of the main competitive advantages, which are one of the most important components of competition. It is explored and determined, on the basis of already existing definitions of “competitive advantage» that this category should correspond to the following characteristics: firstly, the competitive advantage of an enterprise can not be identified with the factors of competitiveness; and secondly, the competitive advantage is the level of effective use of all available resources at the disposal of the company, which creates for the firm a certain advantage over its direct competitors; thirdly, the competitive advantages must enable the company to adapt to the ever changing conditions of the external and internal environment; fourthly, the competitive advantage is a complex hierarchical system that integrates values that have become the source of gaining benefits at all levels and directions of enterprise activity; fifth, the competitive advantage is the magnitude of the comparative, and therefore relative, rather than absolute, because it can only be assessed by comparing the characteristics that affect the economic result of the enterprise. It was found that a clear definition of the competitive advantages of an enterprise in its operation in any competitive environment is the basis and the main criterion for the formation of competitiveness, because the competitiveness of the enterprise is a complex economic category, which should reflect the actual availability of competitive advantages and strategic directions of their use under the influence of factors the external environment and taking into account the factors of the internal environment and all this is a set of interrelated elements in general management system competitiveness of the enterprise.
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Y. Makazan. Loyalty of human capital of the enterprise as a factor of corporate culture.
In the article it is substantiated that the competitiveness of the enterprise in many respects depends on the corporate culture and loyalty of the employees formed at the enterprise. With the development of a market economy and global competitive processes, competitiveness becomes one of the central problems not only in economic but also in social life. In its turn, the so-called soft factors of competitiveness begin to play an increasingly important role in competition, in the conditions of the development of information processes, such as the institutional factors related to the relations between people. These factors are concentrated in the concept of corporate culture, which is an important institution of modern socio-economic relations, an element of the social capital of economic systems. With the growth of the role of human capital in the competitive struggle of enterprises, loyalty is gaining an increasing importance. The employees are valuable assets of enterprises. So, in order to develop a successful business strategy today, enterprises will have to learn not only to attract people and increase their human capital, but also to meet the loyalty of the employees. Management based on human capital loyalty is a method of stimulating the output volume, sales and profit. It is especially relevant in the context of today's intense competition. Loyalty of employees in relation to the organization is directly related to the corporate culture of the enterprise. The loyal attitude to the organization implies the loyalty of the employee to the goals, interests, values, mission of the organization, the direction of activity and the preservation of the property of the organization. Loyalty of human capital, as a concept, is an integral part of the complex corporate culture of enterprises. However, only in recent years, Ukrainian specialists began to study the essence of this concept and its place in the corporate culture. Today, enterprises place a great importance on this issue, trying to select employees taking into account this characteristic.
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V. Bereza. Forecasting of charter rates by a method of correlation and regression analysis.
In the article it is underlined that sea navigation, for performance of the basic function - transportation of cargoes and passengers, should react to changes which occur in the world trade. To such changes the following is referred: growth of volumes of cargo transportation, changes in the structure of cargoes, changes in geography of transportation and other. Changes in the character and trade volumes lead to changes in structure of a world merchant marine fleet and in the charter market. It is noticed that for drawing up intermediate term forecasts in the world charter market many data, such as the following are used: a portfolio of orders of the world tonnage, disposal of old vessels, cost of new and previously used vessels. The analysis of dynamics of the above-mentioned indicators has allowed to deal with a question of an establishment of charter rates, the conclusion of long-term contracts on cargo transportation, sale or purchase of vessels. It is underlined that for forecasting methods of mathematical statistics are used. They are divided into descriptive and analytical. The descriptive statistics is connected with research planning, gathering of the information and representation of results in the form of statistical data. The information is presented in charts and graphs. The task of analytical statistics - to establish causal relationships which allow to estimate influence of investigated factors and to draw appropriate conclusions grounding on which it is possible to make the decision. In the article the correlation analysis is carried out and regression equations are presented. Their application gives the chance to express correlation between the features analytically - in the form of the equation - and to give quantitative expression. The features inherent to the correlation analysis are underlined and tasks which are solved by multiple correlation are specified.
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M. Kravchenko, O. Tsygankova. Necessity of goodwill estimation, calculation methods and depreciation.
This article presents the main opinions of specialists from different countries on the need to assess business reputation, namely goodwill in enterprises. Based on the generalization of the foreign experience of the evaluation, several methods were identified that are most often used in the estimation of goodwill, namely: the method of market capitalization; method of royalty; method of comparative multipliers; cash flow capitalization method; method of discounting cash flows. Allocated positive and negative sides of each of the above methods. Also in the work are given methods of calculating goodwill classical, as well as those that are most often used in modern life. Namely, the proportional and full calculation method is selected, and the differences between these two methods are determined, it is proved that the full calculation method gives the most correct result. In addition to these methods, methods for calculating the cost of goodwill are recommended, which are recommended by Ukrainian experts in modern conditions, namely: the method of comparing sales, the method of cost (property), income method. In the final part of the article, the signs and reasons for the impairment of goodwill are presented. The main conclusions are drawn that it is rather difficult to choose the best method for estimating the cost of goodwill, since it depends on the purposes of estimating goodwill and the process under which this goodwill is valued. Therefore, there is no one universal formula for calculating goodwill.
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L. Sotnichenko. Research of directions of development of navigable lines of leading ports of the world.
In article it is underlined that sea transportations play the important role in economic. There are different kinds of sea transportations, depending on a kind of a sea-craft, the form of the organisation of transportation, types of cargoes and so forth. Is proved popularity of sea linear transportations as they allow to save time of stay in port, at the expense of the certain schedule of movement of courts. On the basis of the spent analysis of development of navigable lines in in the lead ports of the world, their basic directions of transportations and the factors influencing their further development, it has been established that global demand for sea container transportations in the ambassador the crisis period has considerably grown, but rates of increase in 2015 continue to fall in comparison with 2010. Is defined that on a container turn, it is necessary to consider as in the lead ports of the world ports of Asia while ports of Europe are occupied with second ten list of a rating. It is underlined that in the market of container linear transportations, there are many companies of carriers, but the five of leaders is headed by the European companies. The basic directions what they serve it the East - the West. It is established that the major factors influencing development of linear navigation, a steel world crisis, development of an infrastructure of ports, and cost of container transportations. On the basis of the spent analysis of the statistical data it has been established that volumes of container transportations despite negative influence of factors continue to increase. For the further development it is necessary to consider all positive and negative factors, to adopt experience of previous years, for forecasting of a possible deviation of development in the best party or on the contrary.
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O. Lekontseva. Modern ways of operation of business aimed at development.
In article it is noticed that consequences of financial and economic crisis in the country demand much of qualification and experience of heads of the enterprises in the conditions of infringement of market interrelations and the competitive environment. Therefore, consideration of essence of concept of management by development of the enterprise, its effective activity, methods, principles and approaches to management of it, is object of research. Level of a theoretical and practical readiness of this problem cannot be sufficient because of presence of specific factors which form operating conditions of the enterprises of Ukraine. Definition of concept of effective functioning of system from a position of the system approach is resulted. Management methods by effective functioning of the enterprises, in the conditions of increasing unpredictability, novelty and complexity of environment which can be used in Ukraine are resulted. The list of management methods which are checked up by practice is added and act as a basis for achievement of high indicators of activity of the enterprises in the history of economy. Principles on which are presented management methods which guarantee achievement of high indicators of activity are realised. Models of management of the in the lead countries of the world which enterprises take the first positions in the international markets are presented. It is placed emphasis that without application of analytical models or their graphic displays is heavy to make the well-founded quantitative decision for operation of business. Use of models allows to prepare exact enough quantitative decision at the known initial data, and in the conditions of uncertainty to find area of admissible decisions and to avoid gross blunders at operation of business. In article also it is noticed that considering forecasts of the changes expected in sphere manufacture and management, world practice has developed corresponding approaches to management. The accent is made that modern concepts of strategic management is methodical base of creation and development of competitive productive and economic systems of base level - the companies, firms, the enterprises. The essence of management is formulated by effective functioning of the enterprise.
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L. Nikolaieva. Development of ports of Ukraine: organizational and investment maintenance.
In article it is underlined that researches of features of development of the Ukrainian economy and the basic tendencies which develop in port branch of the world, allow to allocate base components which can become the basis of development of ports of Ukraine. A strategic target of reforming of sea port potential of Ukraine is creation of priority conditions of attraction of transcontinental goods traffics attractive to the European community from the European countries in the Asian regions through our ports. In article classification UNKTAD by three categories is resulted. It is based on three criteria: strategy and a policy of development of port; width and depth of port activity, integration of port business and administration. Foreign experience of construction of organizational structures of port complexes is considered. It is established that coordination and maintenance of priority state interests in work of ports can be carried out in the different ways. The port can cope uniform governmental body or a private concern which rents means and port resources. Approaches to management of ports are investigated. The primary goals of a state policy of development of seaports are resulted. It is formulated the main strategic target of development of seaports of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis of foreign practice it is established that the existing structure of management of branch has essential lacks. It is underlined that throughout last decades universal process of transformation in seaports which is characterised by their transition from a state complete control to the mixed state-private possession and management is observed.
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N. Potapova, V. Onishchenko. Influence of the human factor on accidents in the system of work of sea and river transport.
The article emphasizes that the crew is primarily people who have their own psychoemotional characteristics and each of which is a unique individuality. We are talking about the need to effectively organize relationships within the ship's crew, which affect the quality and trouble-free operation of the vessel. Studies have shown that the greatest number of emergencies are caused not by technical mistakes, but by human errors. It is to the human factor that more and more research and scientific works, directives and resolutions of the International Maritime Organization have recently been devoted to human factors. The analysis of the causes of accidents from the point of view of the manifestation of the "human factor" on the sea transport contains information and analytical materials on the state of safety of traffic on the maritime transport of general use, for the transportation of which the license was issued by the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine. Based on the results of the analysis, specific systemic errors or deficiencies that led or contributed to the emergence of maritime traffic emergencies were identified, which should be taken into account during planning of measures to prevent the occurrence of such a crash of shipping with ships in the future. Analyzing the state of accidents for the period from 2010 to 2015, it can be stated that the quantitative indicator of the accident rate is surely going down, which indicates an increase in both the technical reliability of the boats, and the improvement of the crews, crewing and shipping companies as a whole, that is, improving the quality of the "human factor" ". An important mechanism for supporting a normal mental state is the creation of a positive social and psychological atmosphere. Each officer should remember that before him, first of all, a person, and only then an employee, subordinate, etc.
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M. Makarenko, O. Nosovska, A. Kravchenko. The level of professional training of seamen of the merchant fleet as the main factor in reducing the accident rate at sea.
The article proves that the development of personnel in the Navy is a necessary component of the professional training of future naval officers. The result of successful application of the methods of personnel management should be assistance to managers, officers and top managers to create such a communication environment on board that will minimize all risks of emergency and emergency situations, will eliminate most of the causes of accidents. World experience for many years proves that the level of efficiency and safety of shipping of goods and passengers depends mainly on people who work on ships. And, mainly, from the command staff, which must be properly prepared in accordance with international requirements for the performance of official duties. The article emphasizes that the increasing concern of the maritime administrations and ship owners is caused by the ever increasing shortage of highly skilled ship officers who are able to ensure the proper operation of modern vessels. The main problem of the international maritime community remains the negative impact of the human factor on the safety of the functioning of world shipping. It is noted that the unquestionable fact is that the high qualifications of the crew members and the excellent professional training of future personnel will reduce the accident rate at sea. Studies have shown that China, the Philippines, India, Ukraine, Russia and Indonesia are the leading labor supplying countries on board. It is these countries that account for the lion's share of all maritime personnel. All these countries have educational institutions that are called upon to train qualified workers for world shipping. -
D. Nechepurenko. Introduction of automated control systems in machine building manufacturing.
The article defines the need to change approaches to system management at machine building enterprises by developing and implementing automation systems for management and production processes. Prospects for the development of the machine-building region are quite large, but on condition of significant organizational and management changes in the methods of operation of the enterprises of this field. It is determined that the reorientation of the Ukrainian economy to the European market requires new approaches and management methods. This will ensure the implementation of production capacities of domestic enterprises in the European market. Management of organizational development is an important process for the management of a machine building enterprise. To ensure a proper result, it is planned to change the management system of enterprises in the context of the following areas: organizational, innovative and scientific and technical. The processes of obtaining and processing an information about the state of the organization are cumulative. As a result of processing and increasing the volume the informations are changing. There are different levels of awareness of the problems. For the analysis and description of the system, different types of structures are used that differ in the types of elements and the relationships between them. Due to the fact that the external conditions of the enterprise change, a free information system requires constant improvement and development. Three approaches are identified in the theory and practice of creating information systems: local, global and systemic. When designing an automated control system, the level of its reliability depends on several factors. One of the key concepts of designing information systems is the life cycle of the project. -
L. Rossynska. The mechanism of development of logistics strategies of machine building companies.
The article proved that business logistics system needs to be supported for the development of machine building in Ukraine. In today's market conditions, after the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, the ability of enterprises to respond quickly and flexibly to market demands is of great importance. Industrial enterprises need to develop the ability to respond quickly to changes in the external environment, to create products that outstrip customers' demands. The lack of a systematic approach to the study of stream processes leads to inobservance of production time, the reduction in production and sales due to unproductive equipment, and, accordingly, the financial results become worse. The methods of crisis management include logistics. To determine the main directions of development of an enterprise, the choice of the system of stock supply is important: either with a fixed size of the supply batch or with a fixed frequency of stock supply. Strategic solutions in the field of logistics are aimed at optimizing the material flows of the economic system. Particular attention should be paid to the definition and grouping of logistics costs. The integration of the supply chain is a process of achieving a coherent interaction between their units based on the mutual interest of the parties. In order to make strategic decisions in the field of inventory and storage management, it is first necessary to determine the choice of material flow management system. An algorithm of constructing logistics system and an algorithm of supply chain design at machine building companies are revealed.
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I. Shpak. The machine building clusters in Ukraine and Zaporizhzhya region as one of the foreign affairs activity improvement ways in the globalization period.
The article is dedicated to the question of globalization, which is the inevitable regularity of nowadays and the formation of the foreign affairs activity of Ukrainian industry in the conditions of globalization is considered. All positive and negative features of the globalization`s influence on the country`s and enterprise`s economy are resumed. It is specified, that for the future economic machine-building development and Ukrainian output competitiveness at the local and foreign markets, new approaches in the national economical politics, searching of new influence mechanisms and change of economics functions are required. In the conditions of the global crisis, the interest to the clusters, as the mobile, all-sufficient economical modules, which can quickly and effectively react to the changes in the external surrounding. During the research, the urgency of the further approach development for the social and economic cluster functional effectiveness in the region, the role of the cluster in the region competitiveness rise, in the process of the effective cluster formation mechanisms and in the solution of the other problems is defined. For the successful development of the Ukrainian industry, the national project should be the constant highly-technological goods export increasing instead of raw materials and semi-finished products. The country should be directed to the intensive way of the development, the way of the technology and innovation development. The main mechanism of the economic rise of the country should be the exact, full-balanced program of the innovation clusters` formation and development, as a new effective chain enterprise form and industry management. It will contribute to the realization of the main competitive advantages of the Ukrainian industry.
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A. Andilahay D. Novikov. Perfection of production technologies on the basis of increasing the social responsibility of marketing at a machine-building enterprise.
The results of research on the social responsibility of marketing at machine-building enterprises are presented. It is shown that the level of social irresponsibility at machine-building enterprises is lower than at enterprises operating in the consumer market. The motives are also different, because of which owners and managers of enterprises are going to various kinds of machinations. The improvement of technologies and the level of the production base allows enterprises to produce high quality products and low production costs, which virtually eliminates the need to use fraud to promote their products on the market.
The article gives examples of cost management in metalworking through the use of modeling methods in selecting cutting modes. The use of a new metal-cutting tool makes it possible to increase its durability and processing capacity, however, the maximum economic effect is not achieved. Due to modeling of metalworking processes, it was possible to determine the best solutions with minimal capital investment. New approaches to the determination of the best cutting regimes make it possible to use unused instrument reserves, proceeding from the technical capabilities of the equipment used, the qualifications of the personnel and the external environment of the enterprise. It is established that the decrease in the time of production of the product entails a reduction in the cost price, therefore, when metalworking on modern equipment using modern samples of the metal cutting tool, it is necessary to find a balance between the level of production time reduction and the consumption of tools, The relationship between these indicators is nonlinear. Infinite reduction of time for metal working leads to a sharp increase in the prime cost after passing the optimal amount of processing time. As a result, it is established that with increasing productivity of processing, the cost of processing the product also increases, and this increases the final value of the costs of producing the goods. -
L. Mamatova. Optimization of the capital structure and its impact on the enterprise's potential.
The concept of the optimal structure of a company's capital is proposed. The factors of influence in the formation of the optimization capital that influence the potential of the enterprise as a whole are determined and formed by groups. The main methods of optimization and management of the capital structure of the enterprise are singled out. Criteria and main features of optimization in the formation of the company's capital are singled out. The procedure for choosing the optimal structure of capital based on the features of the enterprise is proposed. It is determined that the optimization of capital can be achieved due to the optimal ratio of own and borrowed capital and depends on a number of factors and criteria. When forming the optimal structure of the enterprise's capital, it is necessary to take into account the subjective and objective factors of influence on the enterprise's potential. The rational capital structure is not stable, as financing is a dynamic process, and the factors influencing the capital structure are modified, especially in an unstable economic situation. The optimal structure will allow to define and provide the necessary size and share of the existing sources of financing of the enterprise taking into account the criteria and methods of financing. In some cases, depending on the economic state of the enterprise's operating environment, the optimal capital structure maximizes the profitability of the enterprise, that is, it allows you to obtain the greatest profit from the existing level of your own resources. It is concluded that when forming the optimal structure, different aspects of the operating, investment and financial activities of the enterprise are taken into account, for each business entity they are different.
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I. Psareva, M. Sarbeeva. Centralization of procurement planning and organization for the purpose of liquidation of pre-stocks in the conditions of "Ilyich Iron and Steel Works of Mariupol".
The types of purchases at metallurgical enterprises that are part of the holdings structure are investigated. The advantages of the organization of centralized supply in the holdings enterprises are revealed. The results and possibilities of implementing the CAP system are analyzed. The main principles of procurement activity of the holding companies are considered. The stages of purchasing process management are presented. The reasons for the occurrence of stocks of long-term turnover at the holding companies are revealed. The stages of constant monitoring of the detection of stocks of long-term turnover at holding enterprises are analyzed. The analysis of stocks of long turnover for the current period is performed. The process of forming stocks of long-term turnover as commodity-material assets at the holding's enterprises is considered. Stages of realization of stocks of unclaimed property at the holding enterprises are presented. The system of organization of activity of the department of inventory management is considered on the example of the holding companies. The state of stored stocks of unclaimed property at the holding's enterprises was assessed. The process of formation of price-lists for metal-containing stocks of unclaimed property of the holding companies is considered. The specifics of the formation of contracts and specifications with counterparties on the basis of commercial proposals for the placed price lists and the conduct of tender procedures for commercial proposals of the holding companies. -
V. Kolosok, M. Biriukov. Analysis of approaches to the formation of economic mechanisms for managing supply chains.
In the concept of supply chain management, integration is seen as a process of interaction between participants in the supply chain, aimed at achieving common goals by expanding and deepening economic ties. The integrated delivery is based on the joint use of resources, the pooling of capital and the creation of an enabling partnership. The combination of various functional areas of logistics and their participants complements the interaction of the focus company with business partners - suppliers of raw materials and materials, buyers of finished products and various intermediaries. Managing the logistics processes of supply chains, including several business partners, is a complex process that requires effective management mechanisms. Expansion of the supply chain through integration and cooperation, although accompanied by an increased risk of reducing management control and separation of responsibilities, nevertheless brings many benefits to customers, contractors and consumers. The article reveals the main elements of the concept of supply chain management. The characteristics of the main SCM business processes are presented. Approaches to the definition of supply chain management are presented and characterized. The application of the competence approach and the prerequisites of its use for increasing the efficiency of logistics management is substantiated. The main key competences of the supply chain management process and their weighted scores are proposed. The use of key competencies for the development of an evaluation basis for the effectiveness of the supply chain management mechanism is substantiated.
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S. Belous-Sergeeva. Innovative potential of development of entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship is a special type of economic activity where innovation is the basis of effective coupling factors of production in the process of creation of public utilities. This process is largely determined by the quantity and quality of natural resources, their availability for use, volume and qualitative parameters of fixed capital, level of technology, the availability of labor resources and their educational and qualification characteristics, demand for manufactured goods and the ability to make full use of the expanding amount of resources, the ability distribution in the national economy available resources to obtain maximum quantities of high-quality products, etc. To be effective, each of these factors requires the development achievements of the STP in introduction of innovations that enable the creation of innovations and their practical implementation in the form of a new product, investing, providing for the change of generations of equipment and technologies, effective use of these innovations, economic growth.
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S. Belous-Sergeeva, K. Safonova. The problem of labor migration In Ukraine. Its impact on the economy of the country.
Against the backdrop of optimistic data on the growth in the number of vacancies and the relative stabilization of the labor market in 2017 by Ukrainian employers, the government awaits a new challenge: Ukrainian labor migration reaches a threatening scale. Today, the labor market is balanced. Despite the positive dynamics, the number of attractive vacancies is limited. The level of wages for a long time will not reach the 2013 indicators in dollar terms. And since it is still possible to find specialists of the same qualification in the market, but with different financial demands, employers take the opportunity not to raise their salaries. Тhe article considers the essence and current state of labor migration in Ukraine, the dynamics of emigration and immigration. The structure of migrant workers by gender, age group, level of education and employment were described. The geographic focus and level of participation of different regions of Ukraine in labor migration, revealed the reasons for this distribution were investigated. The article analyzed the current situation on the labor market and the reproduction of the labor force in Ukraine and abroad, the dynamics of unemployment and wage rates. The article analyzed dynamics of remittances from abroad and their distribution by country. The influence of remittances on the welfare of families and the economy was investigated. The article considers the comparative analysis of migration policy in Ukraine with international practice, including on repatriation of migrant workers. The measures for improving migration policy in Ukraine were proposed. The factors of influence on labor migration and its consequences were revealed. The features Ukrainian migration to the EU were disclosed in the current economic and political conditions. Made forecast of dynamics of the number of immigrants to the EU. It is established that the peculiarity of the development of the world economy of our era is its globalization, which manifests itself in the free transfer of capital, material and labor resources. International labor migration, the scale and intensity of which in these conditions is significant, carries out a redistribution of labor between countries, affecting the situation in the labor markets of each country, employment rate, unemployment, wages, income distribution. Given the adverse demographic situation, aging of the population, increasing life expectancy, and as a consequence of rising retirement spending, which negatively affects the budgets of industrialized countries, they will stimulate the attraction of immigrants, including from Ukraine. At the same time, the number of Ukrainians is also decreasing, and socio-economic conditions are forced to seek employment abroad. Thus, there is a problem of ensuring the Ukrainian labor market by highly skilled workers capable of developing business and promoting economic growth in Ukraine.
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Н. Muterko. Modern method of selection of labor resource at an industrial enterprise.
The development of technologies greatly simplifies and improves the implementation of laborious routine operations. To keep pace with progress for managers means giving their internal workers more comfortable working conditions. Personnel selection and evaluation are the main functions of labor potential management. The rational use of labor potential is of immense importance for the enterprise. It is important not only to properly manage the current labor resources, but also seriously perform the qualitative selection of labor potential. The selection of labor resources, like any management process, is subject to certain rules. It needs to be adapted to the production and organizational conditions of the enterprise, the specifics of the activity, strategic goals and possible prospects. The article proposes the introduction of an up-to-date method for the recruitment of labor potential through the creation of an on-line resource, which will serve as a database for potential employees of the enterprise, saving time and money for the enterprise. And also the opportunity to retrain to another specialty of work, in which, at a given time, the enterprise needs. And it's possible to solve the problem with the shortage of young workers at industrial enterprises, through the advertising of this resource in social networks, where there are often representatives of the generations Y and Z. Representatives of these generations do not imagine the world without internet, and this tendency shows that the new generation begins turning around, dictating to us our rules, which business can not ignore.
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M. Vereskun, V. Kolosok, S. Zakharov. Convergent approach to management of integrated industrial enterprises.
The article deals with the theory of the development of economic systems based on convergence. It is determined that this definition is mainly used for macro and mesoeconomic systems. The most widespread theory of convergence has been obtained in the regional economy. It was found that the convergence theory was not used in the analysis of management processes of organizations. The analysis of modern theory of management of organizations is carried out. It is proved that within the framework of modern management theory organizations developed more than twenty approaches to management. All of them have their own models of mechanisms and tools that directly affect the managed object of management. The analysis of the peculiarities of formation, transformation and development of such specific management objects as large integrated industrial enterprises is carried out. According to his findings, it is concluded that within the limits of existing approaches to management it is not allowed to fully take into account all the peculiarities of the management process of large integrated corporate structures in industry. It is determined that the main ones are the construction of a management process based on the use of integrated integrated information systems at all levels of management, and the use of tools of different approaches to management, depending on the type and level of management. It is determined that the process of management of integrated industrial enterprises is thus characterized by the active convergence of gaining of information technologies and different approaches to management. Integrated industrial enterprises can be managed using a new, converged approach to management.
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A. Cherep, V. Somchenko, V. Kalinchuk. Peculiarities of the classification of biological assets by agricultural enterprises.
This article explores the nature of biological assets on farms, and especially their classification. Defined current state of the methodology of classification of biological assets accounted agricultural activities, made a summary assessment of the effectiveness of this methodology. Revealed that in today's operation of domestic enterprises requires the development of innovative approaches to the content of accounting and analytical information, the quality of which depends on the effectiveness of the decisions and competitive business. In this context it becomes especially important as the need to improve accounting bases of information support enterprise management system, an important component of which is the consideration of biological assets. So, today many issues related to the accounting of agricultural biological assets and their reflection in the statements are unfounded conceptual, organizational and methodological unresolved unsecured information. Determined that the important distinction agricultural biological assets and other biological assets not related to agricultural activity because they have different strategic importance to the economy. In this context, particular relevance is the problem of the formation of effective synthetic and analytical accounting of biological assets on farms. Taking into account the specific characteristics of agriculture, strategic directions of improvement of methodology of accounting of agricultural biological assets. Today outlined a series of proposals to improve accounting of biological assets of domestic enterprises, including classification signs that are missing in the legislation of Ukraine, the main ones being the frequency of obtaining agricultural products, maturity, environmental orientation. The authors proposed classification will improve, improve and optimize ensure compliance increase Ukrainian accounting methods of biological assets internationally. This issue is very important in terms of internationalization and globalization of the economy. The proposed classification would allow to carry out more detailed accounting of biological assets, to find real economic efficiency of individual products and improve the efficiency of their use in agriculture. -
K. Verhal, I. Ischenko. Investment projects of trade enterprises.
This article is devoted to the question of the essence and meaning of investment projects. The percentage of capital investment, which in 2016 was aimed at the development of trade, was explored, and a conclusion is drawn about the positive dynamics of investment processes in trade. The essence of the concept "project" is explored. The typical features of the project are revealed. The approaches to the definition of "investment project" are systematized. It is established that the investment project is considered by scientists as a process of investing money; as a set of documents; as a complex of events. It’s also concluded that the investment project includes a set of stages that covering all aspects of investment planning (stages of identification, design and analysis), and also includes a description of the expected results of the investment activity, and another documents that describe its implementation, investment volume and timing. According to system approach the structure of the investment project includes the goals, investment and other resources of the enterprise, the investment strategy of the enterprise, risks, financial results and the efficiency of the investment project. It’s established that investment projects of trading enterprises are characterized by low investment capital and their orientation in the formation of commodity stocks. It’s considered the importance of investment projects for commercial enterprises. According to this, it is appropriate for a trading company to consider investments in innovation, investments in expansion of activity, intellectual investments, investments in modernization and improvement of service quality.
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M. Kravchenko, V. Pohorelov. Ecological entrepreneurship in Ukraine: the essence of the concept, modern development and perspectives of this kind of activity in the country.
The article is devoted to such a new kind of entrepreneurship as ecological, the essence of this concept and possible prospects for its development in Ukraine. In the first part of the article various points of view of both Ukrainian and foreign scientists are given regarding the concept of "environmental entrepreneurship". It has been proved that one universal concept has not yet been derived, and therefore it means that this notion has recently come into scientific use and still requires further development. The next part of the article proves that environmental entrepreneurship in the country needs to be developed also from the point of view of Ukraine's place in environmental ratings. It is shown that despite the seemingly positive dynamics of the environmental performance rating, Ukraine does not have a high rating in terms of specific performance indicators. The final part of the article contains the main types of environmental entrepreneurship. In addition, the main directions for the development of environmental entrepreneurship in both the short and long-term periods are given. It is proved that the steps that have been taken in the state, namely, the adoption of a "green tariff" will allow this sector of entrepreneurship to develop at a new pace. However, it is proved that these measures are not sufficient for the full and effective functioning of this type of business.
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M. Balashov. The basis of economic security of enterprises using the methods of European business entities.
The article reveals the main methodological approaches to ensuring national economic security of enterprises on the example of European countries. The experience of working out of methods of achievement of economic safety of European cain with the possibility of their use in Ukraine is researched. The paper investigates modern effective approaches that achieve the most effective mechanisms for the formation of economic security systems for business entities in the countries of the world.
The relevance of this study is due to the fact that it is precisely the definition of the directions and methods of ensuring the economic security of Ukrainian enterprises in the current conditions that directly affects the formation of a stable economy of the country, the possibility of its confrontation with external and internal threats and risks, economic crises and shocks. Taking into account the current state of the country, the imperfection of the economic system of the Ukrainian state, as well as the importance of finding effective ways of its reform and development, the use of the experience of successful European countries in this area of activity to increase the level of economic security of our country is appropriate and relevant.
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T. Logutova, B. Kargin. Methodology and practice of SAP information system implementation at Metinvest enterprises.
The paper discusses the methodology and practice of implementation of the SAP information system at PJSC «MK Azovstal». Substantiates the relevance of the article. Noted that rapidly occurring change in the economy in General and in information technologies have made traditional management approaches are not effective enough and require further development. It is shown that some methodological and practical aspects in the design and implementation of innovative technologies of automated enterprise management such as SAP, remain insufficiently investigated.The role of information technology on managerial decision making. It is established that the technological features inherent in the SAP, took her to pure the leaders among integrated management systems and make it one of the most common. The analysis of approaches to introduction of SAP and an integrated system for enterprise resource management, which provides a standardized common information space. The stages of creation of information technology management. It is shown that with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the plant, it was necessary to develop 10 core modules. In this case, each module is clearly defined the main directions for increasing efficiency. Given the organizational structure of project management. It is established that with the use of the SAP system at the plant is produced and successfully implemented competitive products. Noted that PJSC «MK Azovstal» is the leader among Ukrainian enterprises of MMC in the field of information technology.
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L. Kapranova, M. Kapranov. Mergers & Acquisitions are as a factor of influence on the development of business structures.
The paper discusses the impact of M&A on the development of business structures. The scheme of interconnection of types of association of enterprises is given. The classification of types of mergers and acquisitions of enterprises is given. The stages of mergers and acquisitions have been determined. A graphical interpretation of the dynamics of M&A in the world in the period 2010 - 2016 is constructed. It is determined that M&A further processes are gaining momentum in the world. The number of M&A transactions for the last 8 years since 2010 has increased almost 4 times from $ 262,517 million to $ 868,647 million. It is concluded that the spheres of commodity production and services are more prone to M&A processes in the world, because in these areas the greatest share of "superprofits" is concentrated. We can state that the world's M&A are gaining momentum. But for each country there is a list of business areas that have great trends in this area. The economy of Ukraine does not stand aside from these processes. It is proved, based on InVenture Investment Group data, that the largest number of M & A processes in Ukraine for 2015 - 2017 took place in the sphere of financial activity - 24%, the second place is occupied by agriculture - 14%, the third place - the mining industry - 12%. Thus, the M & A processes in Ukraine are still in its infancy, as the national legislation is not fully adapted to the functioning of transnational corporations in Ukraine, and the securities market is not attractive to foreign businesses due to the unstable economic and political situation in the country.
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Tarlopov I. Analysis of migration processes in Ukraine.
The article presents the results of a study of migration dynamics in Ukraine. The key factor of the migration process is determined - the labor market situation. The dynamics of urban and rural migrations is analyzed and its main causes are determined. The strength and direction of the connection between unemployment and territorial displacement of the population is determined. There was a hypothesis about the existence of a temporary lag between wage changes and migrations, and therefore, based on the calculation of the correlation coefficient, the correlation of the average monthly nominal wages of regular workers by regions in the previous year with migrations in the current year was estimated. To determine the multiplicity between changes in the average monthly wage by region and regional migration in 2016 compared with 2015 the elasticity coefficient is calculated. The main directions have been analyzed and significant changes in external migration flows have been identified. As the main direction of further research, in order to know not only the direction of migration flows, but also the factors that motivate people to change their place of residence, it is suggested to build econometric models of migration. Since migrations are analyzed at the level of the regions at the level of municipalities, but at the same time do not take into account the differentiation, sometimes very significant, within the same region, it is suggested to carry out analysis and assessment of migrations at the city level. -
E. Kamyshnykova. Stakeholder management model in the corporate social responsibility management system.
Development of the stakeholder theory within the framework of the concept of corporate social responsibility presupposes the need for carrying out systematic activities to interact with stakeholder groups, which contributes to the growth of long-term competitive advantages and sustainable business development. The article proposes a conceptual model of effective management of stakeholders relations, based on aspects of instrumental, resource, relational and collaborative approaches to the concept of corporate social responsibility. The developed model is a strategic system of goals, tasks of building mutually beneficial relations with stakeholder groups and it reflects a set of conditions, principles, mechanism and tools for its implementation. The main goal of effective stakeholder management is set as ensuring sustainable business development, which is mediated by the tasks of promoting the integration of stakeholder interests in the corporate governance system, forming and implementing the relational potential, achieving a certain level of corporate social responsibility, and creating long-term competitive advantages. In the development of a relational approach to stakeholder management, the article proposes a new economic category - "relational potential", as the enterprise's ability to benefit from the effective use of relational assets, based on the system of relationships between the enterprise and stakeholder groups, which contributes to the growth of its competitive advantages. Introduction of the elaborated conceptual approach to effective stakeholder management will allow to formulate and implement the corporate social responsibility development strategy in accordance with the interests of key stakeholder groups and ensure effective achievement of the strategic goals. -
Ocheredco H. The directions of investment attractiveness growth of holding’s industrial enterprises.
The article is devoted to the determination of the directions of industrial enterprises investment attractiveness growth, the issue, which is going to be economically, scientifically and financially developed in the future. The theoretical systematization of existing directions of the investment attractiveness growth by the degree of its influence on the development of the industrial enterprises has been used. At the present stage of the world economy development, the investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises of a holding is one of the most important characteristics of economic power and future prospects of development of Ukraine. The problem of determination of the directions of investment attractiveness of industrial enterprises has recently been the focus of modern scientific research, but an analysis of work in this area makes it possible to conclude that research is concentrated only in certain directions without their synthesized view. The attraction of foreign investments and, in general, the international investment attractiveness of an enterprise is, of course, one of the main factors determining the efficiency of an enterprise's activity, and in particular assesses the actual and potential ability to conduct effective foreign economic activity. Therefore, this determines the directions of increasing the investment attractiveness of the enterprise and increasing international competitiveness, which are especially relevant in the current economic and political situation. It is determined that the directions of investment attractiveness of an enterprise should not be limited to their classical structure, they should be updated and constantly refined, in accordance with the current socio-political and economic situation in the country. It is precisely the definition of the directions of increasing investment attractiveness that really characterizes the current state and potential of the enterprise, both for future investors and for the management of the company.
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M. Bilopolsky, D.Chigarev. Approaches to ensuring and increasing the efficiency of the enterprise.
The article substantiates approaches to ensuring and increasing the efficiency of an industrial enterprise in an unstable period of operation and development. The main tasks of managing the efficiency of an industrial enterprise in conditions of ensuring the efficiency of activities, enhancing efficiency of activities and stimulating the process of achieving performance are disclosed. The process of implementing the basic tasks of managing the efficiency of the functioning and development of the enterprise has been studied in the main processes (production, implementation, investment and financing) and in the context of management functions (analysis, planning, organization, accounting, control, regulation). An algorithm for implementing the basic tasks of managing the performance of an industrial enterprise is proposed, which provides for the successive implementation of six stages. This is the stage of a comprehensive analysis of the state of the enterprise's performance, the stage of an estimation of realization of the basic processes of financial and economic activity of the enterprise, the stage of determining the degree of performance of the functions of managing the performance of the enterprise, the stage of the formation of potential opportunities for the implementation of management tasks, the stage of determining the possibility of achieving an effective state and the stage of supporting the achieved state of the efficiency of the activity of an industrial enterprise. The developed approaches will contribute to the growth of financial performance, strengthening of sustainability and solvency in a risk environment. Approaches will improve the management of efficiency and improve the efficiency of the system for managing the efficiency of economic entities in general.
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L. Goroshkova, V. Volkov, G. Kovalenko. Optimization modeling of the financing of territorial communities development.
In work is proved, that in modern conditions of decentralization there is a necessity of construction of an effective system management of financial resources of territorial communities. Is shown, that the special attention is deserved by(with) the mechanism management of the enterprise of a housing and municipal services, which activity has not only economic, and important social meaning.
The features of financial resources of territorial communities and enterprises of housing and municipal services are analyzed. Is proved, that by specificity housing and municipal services, as the branches of a national economy, are use of a means of the state budget in the form of the charges. The charges on housing and municipal services of Ukraine concern to the second group of the charges of the budget (charges on public and social services, which are given to a society and directly to citizens).
Is shown, that owing to acceptance of changes in the Tax code of Ukraine and Budget code of Ukraine the financial opportunities of local self-management are essentially extended. On the today state carries out essential financial support of process of decentralization. Is proved, that the financial support of reforms of the administrative - territorial device of Ukraine should not turn to redistribution of a means of the State budget for the benefit of separate territorial communities and their associations. That is a ultimate goal of reforms should become creation financial of capable and self-sufficient territorial communities.
In work modeling stages and conditions maintenance of constant development of territorial communities is carried out. Is proved, that is necessary to allocate three stages: 1) minimization of the losses, achievement without the losses and formation of conditions of self-sufficiency in financial maintenance; 2) achievement profit and profitability; 3) achievement of a level of financial stability, sufficient for steady development of territories.
Is proved, that the greatest financial help on the part of the state the territorial communities demand at first two stages. In this connection, is offered at first two stages to plan exponential growth of volumes of state support. At the third stage, there is necessary a need for external financing on the part of the state. But at this stage the majority of territories already owe is at that level of financial stability, on which it is possible to supply the most part it profit and profitability for the account inside branch of resources and opportunities. Is proved, that at the third stage, the necessity of prompt growth of the charges disappears, they are possible for fixing on determined sufficient for support of constant development a level. Such situation best is possible for describing by a logistical curve. -
L. Goroshkova, V. Volkov, I. Horbova. Method of the estimation of management efficiency by a housing and municipal services.
In work the researches of a parity of interdependence between demand and by on the basic housing and municipal services with the help of cards izoрrofit are carried out. Is proved, that the needs in housing and municipal services can be realized at presence of the certain economic maintenance. First, this existence of the certain economic opportunities at the consumers, that is certain standard of well-being. Secondly is generated of appropriate potential and material base of branch necessary for satisfaction payment capable of demand of the population in housing and municipal services .
Is established, that for services of cold water supply and water of assignment, hot water- and gassupply the law of demand is carried out. For maintenance service of habitation and the heating takes place paradox Giffen. Concerning a current consumption, in our opinion, it is not possible to consider it as the standard goods Giffen. In case of deterioration of a level of the incomes, the population will reduce volumes of a current consumption, but will not refuse at all it. In case of non-payment, the access to this service, also can be limited. In result the conditions maximization of the profit housing and municipal services were determined.
Is proved, that there is an essential influence of natural monopolies, such as housing and municipal services on a general(common) condition of economy in the country, and if necessary, it is required prime reengendering. The laws connected to demand and the prices for different kinds energy essentially differ from methods of an estimation of efficiency in practical activity. housing and municipal services of Ukraine after rates of development essentially lags behind similar branch of Byelorussia Republic. At the same time, in Ukraine the methods of management are used which are based on the doubtful or incomplete data and do not give positive result. The important task within the limits of branch housing and municipal services is the establishment scientifically proved and techniques, which allow to speed up processes of modernization and development of economy as a whole.
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L. Goroshkova, V. Volkov. Features training of the chiefs of the incorporated communities.
In work is proved, that in conditions of decentralization, decision of her basic task, namely the overcoming of socio economic problems, becomes a task not only municipal bodies of authority, and both chiefs of communities and public associations. For this reason there is a necessity of activization of preparation by the new highly skilled experts for the decision of problems of management of the real estate on mikro-, mezo- and makrolevel.
Is shown, that chiefs of territorial communities owe persons, which should have simultaneously knowledge in economic, legal, technical and other spheres determine on this basis long-term whole and ensure their realization with the help of the balanced system of measures and tools. Therefore there is a necessity of improvement available and development of the new programs of preparation of the administrative staff at a level of territorial communities.
The expediency of activization of process of preparation of the managing staff for territorial communities is proved. That for preparation of the appropriate staff in an educational institution five years, necessary a minimum, in our opinion is necessary to make active activity on preparation and retraining (after degreeof education) persons, which already have high education.
The established features of preparation of the chiefs of territorial communities are taken into account in the offered author's programs: «Preparation of the administrative board of associations of the co-owners of multiroom houses (condominium) (chiefs managing, bookkeepers, chiefs of auditing commissions, main experts and ets.)», «Management of the real estate», «Power management in hot supply», «Power management in water supply». The programs are intended for introduction in a scientific and practical revolution of new modern knowledge in the field of management both economy during training and retraining of the chiefs of territorial communities, public associations, administrative board of associations of the co-owners of multiroom houses (condominium), namely chiefs condominium, managing, bookkeepers, chapters of auditing commissions condominium, chiefs of the managing companies, and also chiefs of the municipal enterprises and chiefs of structural divisions. The author's educational programs provide an opportunity of theoretical and practical preparation.
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